Χρήστης:Zed12/πρόχειρο
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{{Soviet Union sidebar}} The Gulag (ρωσικά: ГУЛаг ) was the Soviet Union government agency that administered the main Soviet forced labor camp systems during the Stalin era, from the 1930s through the 1950s.[1] While the camps housed a wide range of convicts, from petty criminals to political prisoners, large numbers were convicted by simplified procedures, such as NKVD troikas and other instruments of extrajudicial punishment. The Gulag is recognized as a major instrument of political repression in the Soviet Union. The term is also sometimes used to describe the camps themselves.
Αυτή η σελίδα είναι το κύριο «πρόχειρο χρήστη» του Zed12. Ένα «πρόχειρο χρήστη» είναι υποσελίδα της προσωπικής σελίδας του χρήστη στη Βικιπαίδεια. Εξυπηρετεί ως χώρος πειραματισμών και ανάπτυξης σελίδων και δεν είναι εγκυκλοπαιδικό λήμμα. Επεξεργαστείτε ή δημιουργήστε το δικό σας πρόχειρο εδώ ή κάνετε δοκιμές στο κοινόχρηστο Πρόχειρο Βικιπαίδειας. |
GULag is the acronym for Chief Administration of Corrective Labor Camps and Colonies (ρωσικά: Гла́вное управле́ние исправи́тельно-трудовы́х лагере́й и коло́ний ) of the NKVD. It was officially created on April 25, 1930 and dissolved on January 13, 1960.[2] The first labor camps, however, were established right after the revolution, in 1918.[3]
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Literature, introduced the term to the Western world with the publication of The Gulag Archipelago in 1973. The book likened the scattered camps to "a chain of islands" and depicted the Gulag as a system where people were worked to death.[3] Some scholars concur with this view,[4][5] whereas others argue that the Gulag was neither as large nor as deadly as it is often presented,[6] and it did not have death camps,[7] although during some periods of its history, mortality was high in the labor camps.[8]
In March 1940, there were 53 separate camps and 423 labor colonies in the USSR.[6] Today's major industrial cities of the Russian Arctic, such as Norilsk, Vorkuta, and Magadan, were originally camps built by prisoners and run by ex-prisoners.[9]