U.S. Army Field Manual 30-31B
Document claiming to be a classified appendix to a U.S. Army Field Manual / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The US Army Field Manual 30-31B, dubbed the "Westmoreland Field Manual,"[1] purportedly outlined a strategy called the "strategy of tension," wherein violent attacks are orchestrated and blamed on left-wing groups to justify government action. However, it was revealed to be a Cold War-era hoax conducted by Soviet intelligence services.[2][3][4][5][6]
The document first surfaced in the 1970s in Turkey and later circulated in various countries. Despite initial uncertainty about its authenticity, CIA officials confirmed it as a forgery during a 1980 hearing. Scholars and the US State Department also agree it's a Soviet forgery. Its usage in implicating the CIA in certain events further fueled debate, but its fraudulent nature was solidified by evidence uncovered during Operation Gladio in the 1990s.