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The Kingdom of Sardinia (Italian: Regno di Sardegna, Latin: Regnum Sardiniae, Piedmontese: Regn ëd Sardëgna) was a kingdom in Southern Europe from 1720 until 1861 following the establishment of the Kingdom of Italy, its successor state.[1][2] A small island, Sardinia was acquired by the House of Savoy following the award of the crown of Sardinia to King Victor Amadeus II of Savoy from Austria in 1720 under the Treaty of London.[1] The Savoyards united their insular and continental domains and expanded their kingdom—often called Piedmont-Sardinia in this period—into one of the great powers by the time of the Crimean War (1853–56).[3][4] Its final capital, Turin was the center of Savoyard power since the Middle Ages.[5]
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Kingdom of Sardinia | |||||||||||||||
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1720–1861 | |||||||||||||||
The final flag used by the kingdom under the "perfect fusion" (1848–1861)
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Capital | Turin (1748–1799, 1814–1861) Cagliari (1720-1748, 1799–1814) | ||||||||||||||
Common languages | Italain, Sardinian, Piedmontese | ||||||||||||||
Religion | Roman Catholicism | ||||||||||||||
Government | Constitutional Monarchy | ||||||||||||||
King | |||||||||||||||
• 1720–1730 | Victor Amadeus II | ||||||||||||||
• 1849–1861 | Victor Emmanuel II | ||||||||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||||||||
• 1848 | Cesare Balbo | ||||||||||||||
• 1860–1861 | Camillo Benso | ||||||||||||||
Legislature | Parliament (since 1848) | ||||||||||||||
Royal Senate | |||||||||||||||
Chamber of Deputies | |||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||
• Treaty of London | 1720 | ||||||||||||||
1847 | |||||||||||||||
1860 | |||||||||||||||
• Kingdom of Italy proclaimed | March 17 1861 | ||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||
1859 | 73,810 km2 (28,500 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||
Currency | Piedmontese shield (mainland, 1720–1800) Sardinian shield (island, 1720–1821) Sardinian lira (1816–61) | ||||||||||||||
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Today part of | Italy France |
When the mainland domains of Nice, Piedmont and Savoy were occupied and eventually annexed by Napoleonic France, the King of Sardinia made his residence once again in the city of Cagliari in Sardinia.[6][7] The Congress of Vienna (1814–15), which restructured Europe in light of Napoleon's defeat, returned to Savoy its mainland possessions and augmented them with the Republic of Genoa.[8] In 1847–48, in a "perfect fusion", the various Savoyard states were unified under one legal system, with its capital in Turin, and granted a constitution, the Statuto Albertino. There followed the annexation of Lombardy (1859), the central Italian states and the Two Sicilies (1860), Venetia (1866) and the Papal States (1870). On 17 March 1861, law no. 4671 of the Sardinian Parliament proclaimed the Kingdom of Italy, ratifying the annexations of all other Italian states to Kingdom of Sardinia.[9]