User:Francisco12barrera/Amphetamine dependence
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article will inform you what amphetamine dependence is, the affects of amphetamine dependence, as well as the process of recovery.
Amphetamine dependence | |
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The structural formula of methamphetamine | |
Specialty | Toxicology, psychiatry |
Amphetamine dependence refers to a state of psychological dependence on a drug in the amphetamine class.[1] Dependence on amphetamines seams to be on a rise; one study has shown that drug films heavily influence the sensations of craving in drugs, something that can contribute to amphetamine dependence. [2] Though worth knowing that psycho stimulants witch includes amphetamine and methamphetamine do not cause physical dependence.[3]
Affect of Amphetamine dependence manifests itself in euphoria, intensification of the train of thought, speech, and movement, and an increase in the initiative and urge to move.[4] As well as amphetamine use within teenagers can have lasting effects on there brain more specifically their prefrontal cortex. [1] Amphetamine use is rising among students as well due to the ability to easily access prescribed stimulants like Adderall. [5] Also, in case of chronic use, vegetative disorders soon occur such as bouts of sweating, trouble sleeping, tremor, ataxia and diarrhea; the degradation of the personality takes place relatively slowly.[6][7] Tolerance is expected to develop with regular substituted amphetamine use.[7] When substituted amphetamines are used, drug tolerance develops rapidly.[8]Amphetamine dependence has shown to have the highest remission rate compared to cannabis, cocaine, and opiods. [9] Severe withdrawal associated with dependence from recreational substituted amphetamine use can be difficult for a user to cope with.[10][11][12] Long-term use of certain substituted amphetamines, particularly methamphetamine, can reduce dopamine activity in the brain.[13][4]
Treatment In individuals with substance use disorder, psychotherapy is currently the best treatment option as no pharmacological treatment has been approved.[8] Another treatment option for amphetamine dependence is aversion therapy based on classical conditioning module; this will combine the amphetamine with a negative thing or opposite stimulus.[14] Treatment for amphetamines is growing at extremely high rates around the world. [15] Psychostimulants that increase dopamine and mimic the effects of substituted amphetamines, but with lower abuse liability, could theoretically be used as replacement therapy in amphetamine dependence.[8] However, the few studies that used amphetamine, bupropion, methylphenidate, and modafinil as a replacement therapy did not result in less methamphetamine use or craving.[8]