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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Minoan chronology dating system is a measure of the phases of the Minoan civilization. Initially established as a relative dating system by English archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans between 1900 and 1903 based on his analysis of Minoan pottery during his excavations at Knossos on Crete, new technologies including carbon dating and DNA analysis have led to significant revisions to the date ranges.[1]
The Minoan Bronze Age period is divided into "Early Minoan" ("EM"), "Middle Minoan" ("MM"), and "Late Minoan" ("LM"), each sub-divided by Roman numerals I to III, and in many cases by a further "A" or "B," so, for example, "MM IIIB."
In 1958 Nikolaos Platon proposed a new chronology at the Prehistoric Conference in Hamburg, based on the development of the architectural complexes known as "palaces" at Knossos, Phaistos, Malia, and Kato Zakros. In it, the terms "Pre-palace," "Old Palace," and "New Palace" were to replace Evans' scheme. The academic community accepted the scheme but not as a replacement, simply stating where in Evans' system the new terms fit. They are now usually called Prepalatial, Protopalatial, Neopalatial, and Postpalatial in English.
3500–2900 BC[2] | EMI | Prepalatial |
2900–2300 BC | EMII | |
2300–2100 BC | EMIII | |
2100–1900 BC | MMIA | |
1900–1800 BC | MMIB | Protopalatial (Old Palace Period) |
1800–1750 BC | MMIIA | |
1750–1700 BC | MMIIB | Neopalatial (New Palace Period) |
1700–1650 BC | MMIIIA | |
1650–1600 BC | MMIIIB | |
1600–1500 BC | LMIA | |
1500–1450 BC | LMIB | Postpalatial (at Knossos; Final Palace Period) |
1450–1400 BC | LMII | |
1400–1350 BC | LMIIIA | |
1350–1100 BC | LMIIIB |