User:Mr. Ibrahem/Metoclopramide
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Metoclopramide is a medication used mostly for stomach and esophageal problems.[3] It is commonly used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting, to help with emptying of the stomach in people with delayed stomach emptying, and to help with gastroesophageal reflux disease.[2] It is also used to treat migraine headaches.[4]
Clinical data | |
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Pronunciation | /ˌmɛtəˈklɒprəmaɪd/ |
Trade names | Primperan, Reglan, others[1] |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a684035 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous, intramuscular, nasal spray |
Drug class | Antiemetic, prokinetic[2] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 80 ± 15% (by mouth) |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | 5–6 hours |
Excretion | Urine: 70–85% Feces: 2% |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C14H22ClN3O2 |
Molar mass | 299.80 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 147.3 °C (297.1 °F) |
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Common side effects include: feeling tired, diarrhea, and feeling restless.[2] More serious side effects include: movement disorder like tardive dyskinesia, a condition called neuroleptic malignant syndrome, and depression.[2] It is thus rarely recommended that people take the medication for longer than twelve weeks.[2] No evidence of harm has been found after being taken by many pregnant women.[2][5] Use during breastfeeding appears safe.[6] It belongs to the group of medications known as dopamine-receptor antagonists and works as a prokinetic.[2]
Metoclopramide was approved for medical use in the United States in 1979.[2] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[7] It is available as a generic medication.[2] The wholesale cost in the developing world as of 2014 is US$0.003 to US$0.08 per pill.[8] In the United States a month worth of medication is generally less than US$25.[9] In 2017, it was the 253rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than one million prescriptions.[10][11]