User:Mr. Ibrahem/Naltrexone
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Naltrexone, sold under the brand names ReVia and Vivitrol among others, is a medication primarily used to manage alcohol or opioid dependence.[1] An opioid-dependent person should not receive naltrexone before detoxification.[1] It is taken by mouth or by injection into a muscle.[1] Effects begin within 30 minutes.[1] A decreased desire for opioids, though, may take a few weeks.[1]
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Pronunciation | /ˌnælˈtrɛksoʊn/ |
Trade names | ReVia, Vivitrol, others |
Other names | EN-1639A; UM-792; N-Cyclopropyl-methylnoroxymorphone; N-Cyclopropylmethyl-14-hydroxydihydro-morphinone; 17-(Cyclopropylmethyl)-4,5α-epoxy-3,14-dihydroxymorphinan-6-one |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a685041 |
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Routes of administration | By mouth, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous implant |
Drug class | Opioid antagonist[1] |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | 5–40% |
Protein binding | 21% |
Metabolism | Liver |
Elimination half-life | Naltrexone: 4 hours 6β-Naltrexol: 13 hours |
Excretion | Urine |
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Chemical and physical data | |
Formula | C20H23NO4 |
Molar mass | 341.407 g·mol−1 |
3D model (JSmol) | |
Melting point | 169 °C (336 °F) |
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Side effects may include trouble sleeping, anxiety, nausea, and headaches.[1] In those still on opioids, opioid withdrawal may occur.[1] Use is not recommended in people with liver failure.[1] It is unclear if use is safe during pregnancy.[1][2] Naltrexone is an opioid antagonist and works by blocking the effects of opioids, both those from inside and outside the body.[1]
Naltrexone was first made in 1965 and was approved for medical use in the United States in 1984.[1][3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[4] As of 2019, the wholesale cost of tablets is about US$0.80 per day in the United States.[5] The extended-release injections cost about $1,267 per month ($41 per day).[5] Naltrexone, as naltrexone/bupropion, is also used to treat obesity.[6]