User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tinnitus
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Tinnitus is the perception of sound when no corresponding external sound is present.[1] While often described as a ringing, it may also sound like a clicking, buzzing, hiss, or roaring.[2] Rarely, unclear voices or music are heard.[3] The sound may be soft or loud, low or high pitched, and appear to be coming from one or both ears.[2] Most of the time, it comes on gradually.[3] In some people, the sound may interfere with concentration or cause anxiety or depression.[2] Tinnitus may be associated with some degree of hearing loss.[2]
Tinnitus | |
---|---|
Tinnitus often results in the perception of ringing | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Otorhinolaryngology, audiology |
Symptoms | Hearing sound when no external sound is present[1] |
Complications | Poor concentration, anxiety, depression[2] |
Usual onset | Gradual[3] |
Causes | Noise-induced hearing loss, ear infections, disease of the heart or blood vessels, Ménière's disease, brain tumors, inner ear tumors, emotional stress, traumatic brain injury, excessive earwax[2][4] |
Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, audiogram, neurological exam[1][3] |
Treatment | Counseling, sound generators, hearing aids[2][5] |
Frequency | ~12.5%[5] |
Rather than a disease, tinnitus is a symptom that may result from various underlying causes.[2] A common cause is noise-induced hearing loss.[2] Other causes include ear infections, disease of the heart or blood vessels, Ménière's disease, brain tumors, exposure to certain medications, a previous head injury, earwax, and emotional stress.[2][4] It is more common in those with depression.[3]
The diagnosis of tinnitus is usually based on the person's description.[3] It is commonly supported by an audiogram and a neurological examination.[1][3] The degree of interference with a person's life may be quantified with questionnaires.[3] If certain problems are found, medical imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), may be performed.[3] Other tests are suitable when tinnitus occurs with the same rhythm as the heartbeat.[3] Rarely, the sound may be heard by someone else using a stethoscope, in which case it is known as objective tinnitus.[3] Occasionally, spontaneous otoacoustic emissions, sounds produced normally by the inner ear, may result in tinnitus.[6]
Prevention involves avoiding loud noise.[2] If there is an underlying cause, treating it may lead to improvements.[3] Otherwise, typically, management involves talk therapy.[5] Sound generators or hearing aids may help some.[2] As of 2013, there were no effective medications.[3] It is common, affecting about 10–15% of people.[5] Most, however, tolerate it well, and it is a significant problem in only 1–2% of people.[5] The word tinnitus comes from the Latin tinnīre which means "to ring".[3]
\n==References==\n
- Levine, RA; Oron, Y (2015). "Tinnitus". The Human Auditory System - Fundamental Organization and Clinical Disorders. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 129. pp. 409–31. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-62630-1.00023-8. ISBN 9780444626301. PMID 25726282.
- "Tinnitus". NIH – National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD). 6 March 2017. Archived from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 20 September 2019.
- Baguley, D; McFerran, D; Hall, D (Nov 9, 2013). "Tinnitus" (PDF). The Lancet. 382 (9904): 1600–07. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60142-7. PMID 23827090. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2018-04-11.
- Han BI, Lee HW, Kim TY, Lim JS, Shin KS (March 2009). "Tinnitus: characteristics, causes, mechanisms, and treatments". Journal of Clinical Neurology. 5 (1): 11–19. doi:10.3988/jcn.2009.5.1.11. PMC 2686891. PMID 19513328.
About 75% of new cases are related to emotional stress as the trigger factor rather than to precipitants involving cochlear lesions.
- Langguth, B; Kreuzer, PM; Kleinjung, T; De Ridder, D (Sep 2013). "Tinnitus: causes and clinical management". The Lancet Neurology. 12 (9): 920–30. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70160-1. PMID 23948178.
- Henry, JA; Dennis, KC; Schechter, MA (October 2005). "General review of tinnitus: prevalence, mechanisms, effects, and management". Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 48 (5): 1204–35. doi:10.1044/1092-4388(2005/084). PMID 16411806.