ANO (political party)

ANO^{[lower-alpha 1]} (lit. 'Yes'), officially called ANO 2011, is a right-wing populist political party in the Czech Republic, led by businessman Andrej Babiš, who served as Prime Minister from 2017 to 2021.

ANO ANO 2011
Leader	Andrej Babiš
Deputy Leaders	Karel Havlíček Richard Brabec Alena Schillerová Radek Vondráček
Chamber of Deputies Leader	Alena Schillerová
Senate Leader	Jaroslav Větrovský
MEP Leader	Klára Dostálová
Founded	11 May 2012; 12 years ago (2012-05-11)
Headquarters	Babická 2329/2, Prague
Think tank	Institute for Politics and Society
Youth wing	Young ANO[1]
Membership (2021)	2,676[2]
Ideology	Right-wing populism[12] Conservatism[16] Nationalism[17] Euroscepticism[20]
Political position	Right-wing[28]
European affiliation	Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (2014–2024)
European Parliament group	Patriots for Europe (2024–present)[nb 1]
Colours	Indigo
Slogan	Ano, bude líp ('Yes, things will get better')
Chamber of Deputies	71 / 200
Senate	5 / 81
European Parliament	7 / 21
Regional councils	178 / 675
Governors of the regions	2 / 13
Local councils	1,692 / 61,892
Prague City Assembly	14 / 65
Website
www.anobudelip.cz
Politics of Czech Republic Political parties Elections

Formed in 2011, the party finished second in the first elections it contested in 2013, entering government as a junior partner to the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) led by Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka. After large gains in the 2017 election, these two parties switched places, with Babiš becoming prime minister in an ANO-led government with ČSSD as the junior partner, plus external support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia, a post-revolution first for the country. ANO was closely defeated in the 2021 election by the Spolu coalition and went into opposition for the first time. The party has performed consistently strongly in Czech elections since 2013, winning every European Parliament election it has entered, and participating in regional and municipal administrations around the country.

The party's ideological character is contested by political scientists, though it is widely considered to be populist in nature. After being formed predominantly as an anti-corruption vehicle, the party has at different times been considered centrist, liberal, conservative, or right-wing by different commentators, leading to a further characterisation as a syncretic or catch-all party. More recently, the party has positioned itself to the right, co-founding Patriots for Europe, a group in the European Parliament that is made up of Eurosceptic parties that primarily adhere to national conservatism and right-wing populism.

History

The founder and the leader of ANO, Andrej Babiš in November 2023

Foundation

The party's founding was preceded by interventions from leader and founder Andrej Babiš commenting on systemic corruption in the Czech political system. It was established as an association in November 2011 under the name Action of Dissatisfied Citizens (Czech: Akce nespokojených občanů), and formally registered as a political party in the Czech Republic under the name ANO 2011 on 11 May 2012.^[29][30]

In the parliamentary election held on 25 and 26 October 2013, ANO won 18.7% of the vote and 47 seats in the Chamber of Deputies, finishing in second place behind the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD).^[31]

First government participation (2011–2017)

On 29 January 2014, the Cabinet of ČSSD Prime Minister Bohuslav Sobotka was sworn in,^[32] with ANO and the Christian Democrats (KDU-ČSL) as junior coalition partners.^[33]

On 24–25 May 2014, ANO came first in the 2014 European election, winning 16.13% of votes and four seats.^[34] The party joined the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group in the European Parliament.^[35] On 10 September 2014, ANO member Věra Jourová was named European Commissioner for Justice, Consumers and Gender Equality in the Juncker Commission.^[36] On 21 November 2014, ANO was granted full membership of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) at a congress in Lisbon.^[37]

In the 2014 senate and municipal elections held on 10–11 October 2014, ANO won four seats in the Senate, and was the largest party in 8 of the 10 biggest cities in the Czech Republic, including Prague.^{[citation needed]} The party took mayoral offices in the three largest cities (Prague, Brno and Ostrava), and Adriana Krnáčová became the first female mayor of Prague.^[38] However, many of the municipal coalitions involving ANO subsequently dissolved due to disagreements within the party.^[39]

In the run-up to the 2016 regional elections, Babiš started Babiš's Cafe, a television show consisting of interviews with Babiš by Pavla Charvátová, as well as viewers' questions.^[40] Two parties split from ANO citing a lack of democracy and discussion within the party: Change for People and PRO 2016 (English: FOR 2016), the latter of which was joined by numerous local councillors and mayors from ANO.^[41][42] Some of those leaving attributed their departure to conflicts related to candidate selection, alleging that the main criterion for candidates to regional councils was loyalty, rather than ability.^[43][44] ANO also lost one MP in July 2016 when Kristýna Zelienková left the party.^[45]

Nonetheless, ANO won the 2016 regional elections and the first round of the 2016 senate election. The party came first in nine regions and second in the other four regions; its victory in South Bohemia was particularly unexpected.^[46] ANO emerged from the election with five governors,^[47] one of whom, the Karlovy Vary Governor Jana Vildumetzová, became chair of the Association of Regions.^[48] Three ANO candidates were elected in the second round of the senate election, considered a disappointing result for the party.^[49]

On 11 October 2017, MEP Pavel Telička announced his departure from the party.^[50] Another MEP, Petr Ježek, left ANO on 23 January 2018.^[51]

Minority government (2017–2021)

Prime minister Babiš meeting with the leaders of the Visegrád Group countries in Budapest in November 2021

On 20–21 October 2017, ANO won the 2017 Czech parliamentary election with 29.6% of the vote.^[52] ANO formed the short-lived first Babiš government with independent ministers on 13 December 2017, failing a vote of confidence on 16 January 2018. On 12 July 2018 the second Babiš government was formed, with ČSSD joining as the junior coalition partner.^[53] The cabinet received external support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia.

In the 2018 municipal elections, the party again came first, but lost its mayoral offices of Prague and Brno to the Czech Pirate Party and ODS, respectively.^{[citation needed]}

In May 2019, ANO came first in the 2019 European election with 21.2% of the vote, returning six MEPs.^{[citation needed]}

In the 2020 regional elections, the party lost two governors' offices, but joined various regional coalitions, forming a cordon sanitaire against SPD and KSČM.^[54]

Opposition (since 2021)

ANO went into the 2021 parliamentary election leading in opinion polls, but finished second behind the Spolu coalition, though with a higher number of seats.^[55]

Following the 2024 European Parliament election on 21 June 2024, the party unilaterally withdrew from both the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and Renew Europe group.^[56][57] On 30 June 2024, Babiš launched the Patriots for Europe, along with Prime Minister of Hungary and Fidesz party leader Viktor Orbán and Freedom Party of Austria leader Herbert Kickl.^[58] Patriots for Europe reached the criteria for becoming a European Parliament group on 8 July.^[59]

Ideology and platform

Andrej Babiš visits Donald Trump at the White House in March 2019

ANO's political position is debated among politicians and political scientists. Right-wing politicians and pundits painted ANO as being on the left,^{[citation needed]} while political scientists historically placed it in the centre^[66] and centre-right.^[74] More recently, Bne IntelliNews evaluated ANO as taking a right-wing direction after it left Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) and Renew Europe in 2024,^[21] while other sources have described the party as conservative,^[76] centre-right populist,^[77] and right-wing populist.^[3][4] Babiš himself stated in an interview in 2014 that ANO was "a right-wing party with social empathy".^[25] ANO's ideology has been widely described as populist.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]} ANO 2011 has also been characterised as technocratic,^[5][78] techno-populist,^[79] syncretic,^[80] and a big tent or catch-all party.^[81][82] However, given its former membership in the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE Party) and Renew Europe, which mostly comprise liberal parties, ANO has also historically been described as liberal,^[83] conservative-liberal,^[84] centre-right liberal,^[85] liberal-conservative,^[86] and liberal-populist.^[87] Ideologically, the party had similarities with the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU-ČSL)^[88][89] and the now-defunct Public Affairs.^[90] Additionally, ANO, or more specifically Babiš, has been compared to Silvio Berlusconi from Forza Italia or former President of the United States Donald Trump.^[91]

ANO generally opposes economic liberalism, unlike its main rival, the Civic Democratic Party (ODS).^[91] In some spheres, such as tax policy, Babiš introduced centre-left elements to the movement's politics, including the abolition of the partial tax exemption for self-employed persons and restoration of the partial tax exemption for employed pensioners. He also introduced a proposal to increase school teacher wages by 2.5%, as opposed to his ministry's original proposal for a 1% increase.^[92] In the area of healthcare, Babiš has criticised public health insurance companies for their level of spending.^[93]

ANO is generally described as a Eurosceptic or Soft Eurosceptic party.^{[94][95][96][97]} Daniel Kaiser of Echo24 called the party's stance towards the EU "Euro-opportunism".^[98] Babiš stated that ANO opposes the Czech Republic's adoption of the Euro, further European integration, immigration quotas, and "Brussels bureaucracy".^[94][99] Babiš stated later that he was open to adopting the euro once the Czech Republic had a balanced budget. He also argued in favour of closer ties with Germany and said the Czech Republic was already ready to sign the Fiscal Compact treaty at the time of the interview in 2014.^[100] Though ANO initially supported military aid to Ukraine following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, by June 2022, Babiš was calling for an end to Czech military aid, stating that the objective of preventing a Russian takeover of the entirety of Ukraine had been achieved.^[101] Babiš advocated for a peace deal between Russia and Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War during his 2023 Czech presidential election campaign, criticising his opponent's absolute support for Ukraine.^[102] Babiš has also opposed potential Ukrainian EU membership, describing it as a "complete catastrophe".^[103]

Multiple candidates that were elected for the party have left ANO since 2014, asserting that it is no longer a liberal party.^[104] After the 2017 Czech parliamentary election, ANO formed a minority government with support from the Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia (KSČM), ending the cordon sanitaire against them. Following the 2021 Czech parliamentary election, Euronews speculated that ANO may try to position itself as a left-wing and populist opposition party, in order to absorb votes from the Czech Social Democratic Party, KSČM and Přísaha, all of which remained outside of parliament after failing to cross the required 5% threshold.^[105] KSČM also endorsed Babiš in the presidential election in 2023.^{[106][better source needed]} In other respects, the party has gradually shifted to the right. In early 2023, many from the party leadership signalled the party's shift towards conservatism, both socially and fiscally, as Babiš was cooperating with Hungarian prime minister Viktor Orbán and the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC). The agenda for the party's 2023 conference specifically stated Babiš to be a "conservative leader".^[75] The ANO leadership has also criticised the centre-right ODS, claiming that it is no longer right-wing, but is instead in the "progressive camp" with the Czech Pirate Party.^[107]

Structure

ANO 2011 headquarters in Třebíč, Třebíč District

ANO has a highly centralised organisational structure. The strongest position is that of the chair, who acts independently when representing the party. The highest body of ANO is its National Assembly, which meets at least once every two years. Other national offices include membership of the Party Committee and the Bureau. The Bureau is led by the chair. Regional assemblies can elect their own chairs; however, they must be approved by the Bureau before they can take office. The Bureau also approves all candidates for elections.^[108][109] For these reasons, and considering Babiš's businesses, it has been described as a business-firm party.^[110]

The Institute for Politics and Society, founded in October 2014, is a think tank affiliated with ANO.^{[111][112][113]} In March 2015, journalist Jan Macháček became the chairman of the institute.^[114]

Young ANO, the party's youth wing, was established on 1 May 2015,^[115] with Kateřina Reiblová as the inaugural leader. She resigned in July 2015, with Babiš stating that she was disgusted by the media.^[116] She was replaced by Tomáš Krátký, who was elected as chair during the organisation's first convention.^[117][118]

European affiliations

ANO leader, Andrej Babiš, speaking at the 2023 Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Hungary

ANO joined the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe (ALDE) group in June 2014,^[119] and the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party (ALDE party) in November 2014.^[120] ANO was described variously as "a headache" and a "thorn in the side" for the liberal group.^[56][14] Other members of these groups criticised Babiš and questioned his commitment to the ethos of these organisations due to Babiš being invited to, attending, and speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC) in Budapest, Hungary, in May 2023.^[104][121]

During the 2023 Slovak parliamentary election, Babiš expressed support for Robert Fico's Smer–SD and Peter Pellegrini's Hlas-SD in Slovakia, over ALDE member Progressive Slovakia.^[122]

In June 2024, ANO unilaterally resigned from both the ALDE party and its affiliated Renew Europe group in the European Parliament.^[56] On 30 June 2024, ANO, the Freedom Party of Austria and Hungarian party Fidesz launched the new group Patriots for Europe,^[123][124] which was officially formed on 8 July, replacing the Identity and Democracy group at the European political level.^[125]

Election results

Chamber of Deputies

Year	Leader	Vote	Vote %	Seats	+/−	Place	Notes	Position
2013	Andrej Babiš	927,240	18.65	47 / 200	New	2nd		ČSSD – ANO – KDU-ČSL
2017	Andrej Babiš	1,500,113	29.64	78 / 200	31	1st		ANO minority (2017-2018)
								ANO – ČSSD minority supported by KSČM (2018-2021)
2021	Andrej Babiš	1,458,140	27.13	72 / 200	6	2nd		Opposition

Senate

Election	Candidates	First round				Second round			Seats	Total Seats	Notes
		Votes	%	Runners-up	Place	Votes	%	Place
2012	7	14,503	1.65	0 / 27	7th	N/A	N/A	N/A	0 / 27	0 / 81
2014	1	2,060	15.6	1 / 1	2nd	3,532	49.1	2nd	0 / 1	0 / 81	By-election in Prague-10 district
2014	26	180,136	17.55	9 / 27	2nd	71,739	15.14	3rd	4 / 27	4 / 81
2016	27	154,594	17.54	14 / 27	1st	92,051	21.71	1st	3 / 27	7 / 81
2018	1	5,728	25.21	1 / 1	2nd	14,859	32.88	2nd	0 / 1	6 / 81	By-election in Trutnov district.
2018	1	2,211	12.98	0 / 1	4th					6 / 81	By-election in Zlín district.
2018	22	147,477	13.54	10 / 27	2nd	57,500	13.75	2nd	1 / 27	7 / 81
2019	1	2,391	12.46	0 / 1	4th				0 / 1	6 / 81	By-election in Prague 9 district.
2020	18	115,202	11.55	9 / 27	3rd	39,473	8.74	4th	1 / 27	5 / 81
2022	22	244,516	21.98	19 / 27	1st	244,516	31.12	1st	3 / 27	5 / 81

European Parliament

Election	List leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	EP Group
2014	Pavel Telička	244,501	16.13 (#1)	4 / 22	New	ALDE
2019	Dita Charanzová	502,343	21.18 (#1)	6 / 21	2	RE
2024	Klára Dostálová	776,158	26.12 (#1)	7 / 21	1	PfE

Regional elections

Year	Vote	Vote %	Seats	Places
2016	533,061	21.05%	176 / 675	9× 1st, 4× 2nd
2020	604,441	21.83%	178 / 675	10× 1st, 2× 2nd, 1x 3rd

Local elections

Election	Share of votes in %	Councillors
2014	14.59	1,600
2018	14.9	1,692
2022		1,748

Prague municipal elections

Year	Leader	Vote	Vote %	Seats	+/−	Place	Position
2014	Adriana Krnáčová	4,574,610	22.1	17 / 65	New	1st	Coalition
2018	Petr Stuchlík	3,893,968	15.4	12 / 65	5	5th	Opposition
2022	Patrik Nacher	4,559,782	19.34	14 / 65	2	2nd	Opposition

Presidential elections

Direct election	Candidate		First round result			Second round result
			Votes	%	Result	Votes	%	Result
2023		Andrej Babiš	1,952,213	34.99	Runner-up	2,400,271	41.67	Lost

Notes

1. Akce Nespokojených Občanů (lit. 'Action of Dissatisfied Citizens')

1. The party was formerly part of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe group (2014–2019), and subsequent Renew Europe group (2019–2024).

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External links

Media related to ANO at Wikimedia Commons

• Official website