Wikipedysta:Danio78515/Australian Defence Force
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Australian Defence Force Australian Defence Force (Australijskie Siły Obronne)- oficjalna nazwa sił zbrojnych Szablon:Związku Australijskiego istniejące od 1901 roku. Ich zadanie to nie tylko obrona terytorium Australii ale również działania po za granicami kraju.
Historia Australia utrzymywała siły zbrojne od czasu federacji jako narodu w styczniu 1901 r. Wkrótce po federacji rząd australijski powołał Australijską Armię i Siły Morskie Wspólnoty Narodów, łącząc siły każdego z tych stanów [10]. W 1911 r. Rząd ustanowił Royal Australian Navy, która wchłonęła Commonwealth Naval Force [11]. Armia ustanowiła Australian Flying Corps w 1912 roku, który został oddzielony, tworząc Royal Australian Air Force w 1921 roku. [12] Służby nie były połączone jednym łańcuchem dowodzenia, ponieważ każdy z nich podlegał swojemu osobnemu ministrowi i miał odrębne ustalenia administracyjne. Trzy służby widziały działania na całym świecie podczas I wojny światowej i II wojny światowej oraz brały udział w konfliktach w Azji podczas zimnej wojny. [13]
Znaczenie „wspólnych” działań wojennych zostało wyjaśnione australijskiemu wojsku podczas II wojny światowej, kiedy australijskie jednostki morskie, lądowe i powietrzne często służyły w ramach pojedynczych poleceń. Po wojnie kilku wyższych oficerów lobbowało za mianowaniem dowódcy trzech służb. Rząd odrzucił tę propozycję, a trzy służby pozostały w pełni niezależne [14] Brak centralnej władzy spowodował słabą koordynację między służbami, przy czym każda służba organizowała się i działała w oparciu o inną doktrynę wojskową [15].
Potrzeba zintegrowanej struktury dowodzenia zyskała większy nacisk w wyniku nieefektywnych ustaleń, które czasami utrudniały wysiłki wojska podczas wojny w Wietnamie [15]. W 1973 r. Sekretarz Departamentu Obrony Arthur Tange przedłożył rządowi raport zalecający zjednoczenie oddzielnych departamentów wspierających każdą służbę w jeden Departament Obrony i utworzenie stanowiska Szefa Sztabu Sił Obronnych . Rząd zaakceptował te zalecenia, a Australijskie Siły Obronne utworzono 9 lutego 1976 r. [16]
Australian Defence Force obecnie Obecnie australijskie wojsko to 19 potęga militarna świata z rocznym budżetem obronnym wysokości 26,3 mld Szablon:USD. Jego działania odgrywają istotną rolę dla sojuszników Szablon:Australii. Australijskie wojsko składa się z wojsk lądowych (Szablon:Australian Army), sił powietrznych (Szablon:Royal Australian Air Force) i marynarki wojennej (). Cała armia liczy 58,7 tys. żołnierzy zawodowych i 25,8 tys. rezerwistów. Razem jest to prawie 85 tys. co jest zdecydowanie największym wynikiem na Szablon:Oceanii (ponad siedmiokrotnie więcej niż armia Szablon:Nowej Zelandii- drugiej armii na tym kontynencie), ale w porównaniu z potęgami z Azji to dość niewiele.
Szablon:Australian Army liczy prawie 30,2 tys. żołnierzy zawodowych i prawie 17,8 tys. rezerwy. W skład pojazdów opancerzonych wchodzi 66 czołgów Szablon:M1 Abrams, 4 126 bojowych pojazdów opancerzonych (1 426 transporterów opancerzonych Szablon:M113, 1 100 transporterów opancerzonych Szablon:Hawkei, 1 052 transportery opancerzone Szablon:Bushmaster IMW, 257 wozów bojowych Szablon:ASLAV i 211 wozów bojowych Szablon:Boxer). Armia posiada też liczne jednostki transportowe, ratownicze i rozpoznawcze. W skład artylerii wchodzi 202 holowane haubice i 188 moździerzy w tym w służbie czynnej 54 Szablon:Holowane haubice M777 Howitzer kalibru 155 mm, a w rezerwie 112 Szablon:Haubic holowanych L-118 Light Gun kalibru 105 mm i 36 Szablon:Haubic holowanych M198 Howitzer kalibru 155 mm. Oprócz tego ma również 188 Szablon:Moździerzy F2 Mortar kalibru 81 mm. Obronę przeciwlotniczą stanowi 250 systemów Szablon:RBS-70. Uzbrojenie powietrzne to 103 śmigłowce bojowe (22 śmigłowce szturmowe Szablon:Eurocopter Tiger, 47 śmigłowców wielozadaniowych Szablon:NHI90 Taipan i 34 śmigłowce wielozadaniowe Szablon:Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk). Oprócz tego także 12 ciężkich śmigłowców transportowych Szablon:C-47 Chinook i 15 śmigłowców szkoleniowych Szablon:Eurocopter EC135. Uzbrojenie bezzałogowe to 18 dronów rozpoznawczych Szablon:RQ-7 Shadow i 6 rozpoznawczych dronów {{Insitu Scan Eagle).
Szablon:Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) liczy ponad 14,8 tys. żołnierzy zawodowych i około 5 tys. rezerwy. Posiada 119 samolotów bojowych. Są to 69 myśliwców Szablon:McDonell Douglas F/A-18/B Hornet, 24 myśliwce Szablon:Boeing F/A-18 Super Hornet, 14 myśliwców Szablon:Lockheed Martin F-35A Lighting II z 72 zamówionych (w celu zastąpienia 71 F-18 Hornet) oraz 12 samolotów zakłócających Szablon:Boeing E/A-18 Growler. Planowane jest 100 sztuk F-35. Ma też 38 transportowców w tym 12 ciężkich transportowców Szablon:C-130 Herculess, 10 średnich transportowców Szablon:C-27J Spartan, 8 ciężkich transportowców Szablon:C-17 Globemaster II i 8 lekkich transportowców Szablon:Super King Air 350S, 7 tankowców Szablon:KC-30 MRTT, 5 samolotów VIPów, 22 samoloty patrolowe w tym 9 Szablon:AC-30 Orion, 7 Szablon:Boeing P-8 Poseidon z 12 zamówionych (w celu zastąpienia Orionów) i Szablon:6 Boeing 737 Wagdetail. Planowane 15 samolotów P-8 Poseidon. Ma też 120 samolotów szkoleniowych, w tym 65 Szablon:Pilatus PC-9, 33 zaawansowane Szablon:BAE Hawk, 22 Szablon:Pilatus PC-21 z 47 zamówionych. Ma również 6 śmigłowców szkoleniowych Szablon:Augusta Westland AW139. Uzbrojenie bezzałogowe to 6 uzbrojonych dronów Szablon:MQ-4 Tritton z 65 zamówionych i 3 drony rozpoznawcze Szablon:IAI Heron. Zamówiono również 16 uzbrojonych dronów Szablon:MQ-9 Reapter.
liczy prawie 13,7 tys. żołnierzy zawodowych i ok. 2,8 tys. rezerwy. Flotę desantową stanowią 2 lotniskowce Szablon:Desantowe typu Canberra i ciężki Szablon:Desantowiec typu Bay. Lotniskowce i desantowce (choć są uzbrojone) są eksortowane przez okręty bojowe, w tym 10 fregat rakietowych, z czego 8 Szablon:Fregat typu ANZAC i 2 Szablon:Fregaty typu Adelaide. Zamówiono już 9 fregat typu Hunter. Oprócz tego są również 3 Szablon:Niszczyciele rakietowe typu Hobart Flotę podwodną stanowi 6 Szablon:Okrętów podwodnych typu Collins, które zostaną w ciągu kilku lat zastąpione przez 12 okrętów podwodnych typu Attack. Flotę przeciwminową stanowi 6 Szablon:Niszczycieli min typu Huon, a flotę patrolową 15 łodzi patrolowych w tym 13 patrolowców typu Armidale i 2 małe patrolowce typu Cape. Flota badawcza to 6 łodzi badawczych (4 typu Paluma i 2 typu Leuwin). Flota zaopatrzeniowa to 2 zaopatrzeniowce w tym 1 typu Durance z 4 zamówionych i 1 typu Sirius z 2 planowanych. Jest też żaglowiec szkolny Young Endeavour. Łącznie 52 okręty, w tym 21 okrętów bojowych. Lotnictwo tej foty to 1 samolot patrolowy Szablon:Bombardier Dash 8. Flota ma sporo śmigłowców- 34 śmigłowce bojowe, w tym 24 śmigłowce zwalczania okrętów podwodnych Szablon:Sikorsky S-60 Seahawk, 7 śmigłowców wielozadaniowych Szablon:NHI90 Taipan i 3 śmigłowce wielozadaniowe Szablon:Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk, a także 2 ciężkie śmigłowce transportowe Szablon:C-47 Chinook i 19 śmigłowców szkoleniowych, w tym 15 {{Eurocopter EC135) i 4 Szablon:Bell 429. Uzbrojenie bezzałogowe to 4 drony rozpoznawcze Szablon:Insitu Scan Eagle i 3 bezzałogowe śmigłowce Szablon:Schiebel S-100.
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