性別分工是一種較常見的安排,女性負責大多數採集活動,而男性則專注於大型狩獵活動。在所有的狩獵採集社會中,女性都很感激男性帶回的肉。梅根·比塞勒(Megan Biesele)對非洲南部採集狩獵社會Ju /'hoan的研究作品Women Like Meat就是一個例證[32]。最近的考古研究表明,性別分工是一種基礎的組織創新,使智人對尼安德特人佔了優勢,使我們的祖先從非洲移民並遍及全球[33]。
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