俄罗斯联邦历史
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俄罗斯联邦历史是1991年苏联解体以来俄罗斯的历史。1991年8月24日,俄罗斯苏维埃联邦共和国最高苏维埃宣布俄罗斯脱离苏联独立。俄罗斯苏维埃联邦共和国更名为俄罗斯联邦并成为主权国家。从此之后,俄罗斯联邦虽未能成为诸如前苏联、现美国等超级大国的地位,但仍被国际承认是极具影响力的世界性大国,亦是世界第二军事强国。经济曾一度面临困境,政治方面也出现过1993年宪政危机,但就目前经济状况有了决定性的改善。
Quick Facts 俄罗斯联邦 Российская Федерация, 首都 暨最大城市 ...
俄罗斯联邦 Российская Федерация | |||||||||
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1991–present | |||||||||
Top: Emblem
(1992–93) Bottom: Coat of arms (1993–) | |||||||||
国歌: Патриотическая песня Patrioticheskaya pesnya "The Patriotic Song" (1991–2000) Государственный гимн Российской Федерации Gosudarstvennyy gimn Rossiyskoy Federatsii "State Anthem of the Russian Federation" (2000–present) | |||||||||
Russian territory since the 2022 annexation of Ukrainian territory on the globe, with unrecognised territory shown in light green.[a] | |||||||||
首都 暨最大城市 | Moscow 55°45′N 37°37′E | ||||||||
Official language and national language | Russian[3] | ||||||||
Recognised national languages | See Languages of Russia | ||||||||
族群(2010年)[4] |
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宗教(2017年)[5] |
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政府 | Federal presidential republic (1991–1992) Federal semi-presidential republic (1992–1993) under rule by decree (Sep–Dec 1993) Federal semi-presidential constitutional republic[6] (1993–present) | ||||||||
President | |||||||||
• 1991–1999 | Boris Yeltsin | ||||||||
• 1999–2008 | Vladimir Putin | ||||||||
• 2008–2012 | Dmitry Medvedev | ||||||||
• 2012–present | Vladimir Putin | ||||||||
Prime Minister | |||||||||
• 1991–1992 | Boris Yeltsin (first) | ||||||||
• 2020–present | Mikhail Mishustin (current) | ||||||||
立法机构 | Supreme Soviet (1991–1993) Constitutional Conference (Oct–Dec 1993) Federal Assembly (1993–present) | ||||||||
• 上议院 | Soviet of Nationalities (1991–1993) Federation Council (1993–present) | ||||||||
• 下议院 | Soviet of the Republic (1991–1993) State Duma (1993–present) | ||||||||
Independence from the Soviet Union | |||||||||
• RSFSR sovereignty | 12 June 1990 | ||||||||
• De-facto independence | 12 December 1991 | ||||||||
• Renamed | 25 December 1991 | ||||||||
• USSR dissolves | 26 December 1991 | ||||||||
• Current constitution | 12 December 1993 | ||||||||
• Union State formed | 8 December 1999 | ||||||||
• Crimea admitted | 18 March 2014 | ||||||||
• Last amendments | 4 July 2020 | ||||||||
面积 | |||||||||
• 总计 | 17,098,246平方公里[7] 17,125,200 km2 (including Crimea)[8](1st) | ||||||||
• 水域率 | 13[9] (including swamps)% | ||||||||
人口 | |||||||||
• 2022年估计 | |||||||||
• 密度 | 8.4/平方公里(181st) | ||||||||
GDP(PPP) | 2021年估计 | ||||||||
• 总计 | ▲ $4.365 trillion[11](6th) | ||||||||
• 人均 | ▲ $30,013[11](55th) | ||||||||
GDP(国际汇率) | 2021年估计 | ||||||||
• 总计 | ▲ $1.829 trillion[11](11th) | ||||||||
• 人均 | ▲ $12,575[11](64th) | ||||||||
基尼系数 | ▼ 0.36[12](2018年) 中 · 98th | ||||||||
人类发展指数 | ▲ 0.824[13](2019年) 极高极高 · 52nd | ||||||||
货币 | Russian ruble (₽)(RUB) | ||||||||
时区 | UTC+2 to +12 | ||||||||
行驶方位 | right | ||||||||
电话区号 | +7 | ||||||||
ISO 3166码 | RU | ||||||||
互联网顶级域 | |||||||||
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