肺泡巨噬细胞(英语:Alveolar macrophage),是存在于间质的特殊巨噬细胞,由迁移到肺的吞噬细胞发育而成,属于单核吞噬细胞系统的一部分。可参与吞噬和清除外来的尘粒或病原并进行抗原呈现,也可吞噬衰老的红血球与清除由第二型肺泡细胞分泌的表面张力素英语Pulmonary surfactant[1]。吞噬完外来尘粒或病原的肺泡巨噬细胞则通称为尘细胞(Dust Cell)。尘细胞吞噬的异物、病原体会在溶酶体的作用下而分解[2]

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肺出血英语Pulmonary hemorrhage时,肺泡巨噬细胞吞噬红血球,导致其胞质中充满血铁质英语Hemosiderin颗粒。经苏木精-伊红染色

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