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普遍文法（英語：universal grammar，縮寫為 UG），又譯為普遍語法，一種語言學理論，最有名的提倡者為喬姆斯基。這個理論認為在人類能夠學習到各種文法的普遍能力，是內建在大腦中的。它可以用來解釋語言習得的一般過程，說明兒童在發展語言時，使用同一個法則，來學習不同的語言。
 | 此條目可參照英語維基百科相應條目來擴充。 (2023年4月25日) |
20世紀80年代初，喬姆斯基和其他一些語言學家提出了普遍語法理論，也稱為原則與參數理論。
喬姆斯基認為，人類的大腦，只使用幾組固定的規則來組織語言。所以，他假設所有的語言，在底層都擁有相同的文法結構。這幾組有限的規則，稱為普遍文法（universal grammar）。
他們認為，普遍語法是人類所特有的語言知識體系，存在於正常人的大腦中。根據這一原則和參數體系，普遍語法包括一套普遍原則，利用這些原則，可以不斷合成短語；普遍語法還含有一系列參數，這些參數可以幫助和指導普遍原則更好地操作。
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