<span class="mw-page-title-main">Estret de Gibraltar</span>

Estret de Gibraltar

<p>L<span>'</span><b>estret de Gibraltar</b> (<a href="/ca/Àrab" title="Àrab" class="wl">àrab</a><span>: </span><span style="font-family: 'Iranian Sans', 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, 'Microsoft Sans Serif', 'Arial Unicode MS', sans-serif;direction: rtl; unicode-bidi: embed; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal;">مضيق جبل طارق</span><span>, </span><span style="font-style: italic;">Maḍīq Jabal Ṭāriq</span>; <a href="/ca/Castellà" title="Castellà" class="wl">castellà</a><span>: </span><span><i>Estrecho de Gibraltar</i></span>) és un <a href="/ca/Estret" title="Estret" class="wl">estret</a> que comunica l'<a href="/ca/Oceà_Atlàntic" title="Oceà Atlàntic" class="wl">oceà Atlàntic</a> amb la <a href="/ca/Mar_Mediterrània" title="Mar Mediterrània" class="wl">mar Mediterrània</a> i que separa <a href="/ca/Europa" title="Europa" class="wl">Europa</a> d'<a href="/ca/Àfrica" title="Àfrica" class="wl">Àfrica</a>. Concretament, la Mediterrània pren el nom de <a href="/ca/Mar_d'Alboran" title="Mar d'Alboran" class="mw-redirect wl">mar d'Alboran</a> a llevant de l'estret, mentre que l'Atlàntic s'obre al nord en l'anomenat <a href="/ca/Golf_de_Cadis" title="Golf de Cadis" class="wl">golf de Cadis</a>. Al nord de l'estret es troben <a href="/ca/Espanya" title="Espanya" class="wl">Espanya</a> i <a href="/ca/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar" class="wl">Gibraltar</a> (<a href="/ca/Regne_Unit" title="Regne Unit" class="wl">Regne Unit</a>); al sud, el <a href="/ca/Marroc" title="Marroc" class="wl">Marroc</a> i la ciutat de <a href="/ca/Ceuta" title="Ceuta" class="wl">Ceuta</a> (Espanya).</p>

<div class='mobile-collapse'><header class="mobile-collapse-header mobile-collapse-btn"><b>Quick facts: Tipus, Epònim, Part de, Dades i xifres, Profu...</b> <span class='arrow'>▼</span></header> <table class="infobox mobile-collapse-element" style="font-size:90%;width:25em"><caption style="font-weight:bold;background-color:#d9b38c" class="notheme"><span style="float:left;"><span><span><img loading="lazy"alt="Infotaula de geografia física" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/20px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" data-file-type="drawing" height="20" width="20" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/30px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg/40px-Simpleicons_Places_placeholder-tool.svg.png 2x"></span></span></span>Estret de Gibraltar</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data notheme" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d9b38c">(es) <span>Estrecho de Gibraltar</span><br>(en) <span>the Strait of Gibraltar</span> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline"><a href="/ca/Q36124?uselang=ca#P1705" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" class="image wl"><img loading="lazy"alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" data-file-type="drawing" height="10" width="10" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x"></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25537855" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles">.mw-parser-output .img_toogle ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;font-size:70%}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle li:last-child:after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .img_toogle_caption{font-size:100%;font-style:normal;text-align:center;padding-top:2px;padding-bottom:2px}</style><div class="img_toogle">
<div class="geobox"><table style="width:auto; margin:auto;  border:none; border-spacing:0; padding:0; "><tbody><tr><td style="border:none; padding:0; text-align:center; "><span class="noviewer"><a href="/ca/Fitxer:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg" class="mw-file-description image media-thumb" title="Imatge" data-hash="Fitxer:STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg"><img loading="lazy"alt="Imatge" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/300px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="5275" data-file-height="5222" data-file-type="bitmap" height="297" width="300" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/450px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg/600px-STS059-238-074_Strait_of_Gibraltar.jpg 2x"></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label notheme" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Tipus</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/ca/Estret" title="Estret" class="wl">Estret</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline"><a href="/ca/Q36124?uselang=ca#P31" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" class="image wl"><img loading="lazy"alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" data-file-type="drawing" height="10" width="10" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x"></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label notheme" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Epònim</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/ca/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar" class="wl">Gibraltar</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline"><a href="/ca/Q36124?uselang=ca#P138" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" class="image wl"><img loading="lazy"alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" data-file-type="drawing" height="10" width="10" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x"></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label notheme" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Part de</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><a href="/ca/Mar_Mediterrània" title="Mar Mediterrània" class="wl">mar Mediterrània</a> <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline"><a href="/ca/Q36124?uselang=ca#P361" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" class="image wl"><img loading="lazy"alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" data-file-type="drawing" height="10" width="10" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x"></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><table align="center" style="width:auto; background:none; cellspacing:1; cellpadding:0%; border:0; margin:0; display:table;" class="notheme"><tbody><tr><td align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map mw-kartographer-container floatright wl" style="width: 300px; height: 300px;" data-mw-kartographer data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="300" data-zoom="4" data-lat="35.971666666667" data-lon="-5.4858333333333" data-overlays="[&quot;_fdb51bb77e3ebb0b422abb2f879d16711b12ab83&quot;]" href="/ca/Especial:Map/4/35.971666666667/-5.4858333333333/ca"><img loading="lazy"src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,35.971666666667,-5.4858333333333,300x300.png?lang=ca&amp;domain=ca.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Estret+de+Gibraltar&amp;revid=30311769&amp;groups=_fdb51bb77e3ebb0b422abb2f879d16711b12ab83" alt="Map" width="300" height="300" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,4,35.971666666667,-5.4858333333333,300x300@2x.png?lang=ca&amp;domain=ca.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Estret+de+Gibraltar&amp;revid=30311769&amp;groups=_fdb51bb77e3ebb0b422abb2f879d16711b12ab83 2x"></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="center" style="width:auto; vertical-align:middle;"><small><span>&nbsp;</span><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="mw:ExtLink" href="//geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Estret_de_Gibraltar&amp;language=ca&amp;params=35.971666666667_N_-5.4858333333333_E_" class="external text" target="_blank"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms">35°<span>&nbsp;</span>58′<span>&nbsp;</span>18″<span>&nbsp;</span>N, 5°<span>&nbsp;</span>29′<span>&nbsp;</span>09″<span>&nbsp;</span>O</span></span></a></span></small></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme" style="text-align:center;background-color:#d9b38c">Dades i xifres</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label notheme" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Profunditat</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start">1.000 m <span class="penicon"><span class="mw-valign-baseline"><a href="/ca/Q36124?uselang=ca#P4511" title="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" class="image wl"><img loading="lazy"alt="Modifica el valor a Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/10px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" data-file-type="drawing" height="10" width="10" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/15px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Arbcom_ru_editing.svg/20px-Arbcom_ru_editing.svg.png 2x"></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label notheme" style="text-align:left;padding-right:1.2em; background:#eeeeee; text-align:start">Mida</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align:start"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">14,3  (<span><span><img loading="lazy"alt="amplada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chess_lrt45.svg/15px-Chess_lrt45.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" data-file-type="drawing" height="15" width="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chess_lrt45.svg/23px-Chess_lrt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Chess_lrt45.svg/30px-Chess_lrt45.svg.png 2x"></span></span>) ×</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap;">59  (<span><span><img loading="lazy"alt="longitud" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Chess_urt45.svg/15px-Chess_urt45.svg.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="45" data-file-type="drawing" height="15" width="15" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Chess_urt45.svg/23px-Chess_urt45.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Chess_urt45.svg/30px-Chess_urt45.svg.png 2x"></span></span>) km</span> <br></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="float: right;"> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data infobox-data" style="text-align:center;text-align:start"><div style="float: left;">                                                 </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <footer class='mobile-collapse-footer mobile-collapse-btn'><b>Close</b> <span class='arrow'>▲</span></footer></div>
<p>En fan difícil la navegació dos corrents marins de sentit contrari: un de superficial (oest-est), amb aigua atlàntica, força freda i poc salada, i un altre de profund (est-oest), amb aigua mediterrània, no tan freda i més salada.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-GEC_1-0"><a href="#cite_note-GEC-1" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[1]</span></a></span></p>

<p>Antigament era conegut com les <a href="/ca/Columnes_d'Hèrcules" title="Columnes d'Hèrcules" class="wl">Columnes d'Hèrcules</a>. La profunditat màxima és de 1000 m i l'amplada mínima fa 14,4 km.</p>



L'estret de Gibraltar és un estret que comunica l'oceà Atlàntic amb la mar Mediterrània i que separa Europa d'Àfrica. Concretament, la Mediterrània pren el nom de mar d'Alboran a llevant de l'estret, mentre que l'Atlàntic s'obre al nord en l'anomenat golf de Cadis. Al nord de l'estret es troben Espanya i Gibraltar ; al sud, el Marroc i la ciutat de Ceuta . En fan difícil la navegació dos corrents marins de sentit contrari: un de superficial , amb aigua atlàntica, força freda i poc salada, i un altre de profund , amb aigua mediterrània, no tan freda i més salada. Antigament era conegut com les Columnes d'Hèrcules. La profunditat màxima és de 1000 m i l'amplada mínima fa 14,4 km. 