Delwedd:Gateway_Arch_-_St._Louis_-_Missouri_(17275578342).jpg
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
![Delwedd:Gateway Arch - St. Louis - Missouri (17275578342).jpg](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Gateway_Arch_-_St._Louis_-_Missouri_%2817275578342%29.jpg/800px-Gateway_Arch_-_St._Louis_-_Missouri_%2817275578342%29.jpg)
Maint llawn ((1,200 × 662 picsel, maint y ffeil: 273 KB, ffurf MIME: image/jpeg))
Daw'r ffeil hon o Comin Wikimedia a gellir ei defnyddio gan brosiectau eraill. Dangosir isod y disgrifiad sydd ar dudalen ddisgrifio'r ffeil yno.
Crynodeb
DisgrifiadGateway Arch - St. Louis - Missouri (17275578342).jpg |
The Gateway Arch is a 630-foot (192 m) monument in St. Louis in the U.S. state of Missouri. Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of an inverted, weighted catenary arch, it is the world's tallest arch, the tallest monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's tallest accessible building. Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, it is the centerpiece of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial and has become an internationally famous symbol of St. Louis. The arch sits at the site of St. Louis' founding on the west bank of the Mississippi River. The Gateway Arch was designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen and German-American structural engineer Hannskarl Bandel in 1947. Construction began on February 12, 1963, and was completed on October 28, 1965, for $13 million (equivalent to $180 million in 2013). The monument opened to the public on June 10, 1967. Physical characteristics The cross-sections of the arch's legs are equilateral triangles, narrowing from 54 feet (16 m) per side at the bases to 17 feet (5.2 m) per side at the top. Each wall consists of a stainless steel skin covering a sandwich of two carbon-steel walls with reinforced concrete in the middle from ground level to 300 feet (91 m), with carbon steel to the peak. The arch is hollow to accommodate an unique tram system that takes visitors to an observation deck at the top. The structural load is supported by a stressed-skin design. Each leg is embedded in 25,980 short tons (23,570 t) of concrete 44 feet (13 m) thick and 60 feet (18 m) deep. Twenty feet (6.1 m) of the foundation is in bedrock. The arch is resistant to earthquakes and is designed to sway up to 9 inches (23 cm) in either direction while withstanding winds up to 150 miles per hour (240 km/h). The structure weighs 42,878 short tons (38,898 t), of which concrete composes 25,980 short tons (23,570 t); structural steel interior, 2,157 short tons (1,957 t); and the stainless steel panels that cover the exterior of the arch, 886 short tons (804 t). This amount of stainless steel is the most used in any one project in history.The base of each leg at ground level had to have an engineering tolerance of 1⁄64 inch (0.40 mm) or the two legs would not meet at the top Design competition (1945–1948) The idea of an architectural competition to determine the design of the memorial was favored at the inaugural meeting of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial Association (JNEMA), which planned to award cash for the best design. In January 1945, the JNEMA officially announced a two-stage design competition that would cost $225,000 to organize. Smith and the JNEMA struggled to raise the funds, garnering only a third of the required total by June 1945. Then mayor Aloys Kaufmann feared that the lack of public support would lead officials to abandon hope in the project. The passage of a year brought little success, and Smith frantically underwrote the remaining $40,000 in May 1946. By June, Smith found others to assume portions of his underwriting, with $17,000 remaining under his sponsorship. In February 1947, the underwriters were compensated, and the fund stood over $231,199. Saarinen's team included himself as designer, J. Henderson Barr as associate designer, and Dan Kiley as landscape architect, as well as Lily Swann Saarinen as sculptor and Alexander Girard as painter. In the first stage of the competition, Swedish sculptor Carl Milles advised Saarinen to change the bases of each leg to triangles instead of squares. Saarinen said that he "worked at first with mathematical shapes, but finally adjusted it according to the eye." At submission, Saarinen's plans laid out the arch at 509 feet (155 m) tall and 592 feet (180 m) wide from center to center of the triangle bases. On September 1, 1947, submissions for the first stage were received by the jury. The submissions were labeled by numbers only, and the names of the designers were kept anonymous. Upon four days of deliberation, the jury narrowed down the 172 submissions, which included Saarinen's father Eliel, to five finalists, and announced the corresponding numbers to the media on September 27. Saarinen's design (#144) was among the finalists, and comments written on it included "relevant, beautiful, perhaps inspired would be the right word" (Roland Wank) and "an abstract form peculiarly happy in its symbolism" (Charles Nagel). Hare questioned the feasibility of the design but appreciated the thoughtfulness behind it. Local St. Louis architect Harris Armstrong was also one of the finalists. The secretary who sent out the telegrams informing finalists of their advancement mistakenly sent one to Eliel rather than Eero. The family celebrated with champagne, and two hours later, a competition representative called to correct the mistake. Eliel 'broke out a second bottle of champagne' to toast his son. Public access Visitor center Observation area Symbolism and culture |
Dyddiad | Taken on 11 Mehefin 2013, 09:50 |
Ffynhonnell | Gateway Arch - St. Louis - Missouri |
Awdur | Sam valadi |
Trwyddedu
![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![cydnabyddiaeth](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
- Mae'n rhydd i chi:
- rhannu – gallwch gopïo, dosbarthu a throsglwyddo'r gwaith
- ailwampio – gallwch addasu'r gwaith
- Ar yr amodau canlynol:
- cydnabyddiaeth – Mae'n rhaid i chi nodi manylion y gwaith hwn, rhoi dolen i'r drwydded, a nodi os y bu golygu arni, yn y modd a benwyd gan yr awdur neu'r trwyddedwr (ond heb awgrymu o gwbl eu bod yn eich cymeradwyo chi na'ch defnydd o'r gwaith).
![]() |
This image was originally posted to Flickr by Arch_Sam at https://flickr.com/photos/132084522@N05/17275578342 (archive). It was reviewed on 13 Ionawr 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
13 Ionawr 2018
Captions
Items portrayed in this file
yn portreadu
11 Mehefin 2013
captured with Saesneg
Canon EOS 600D Saesneg
Hanes y ffeil
Cliciwch ar ddyddiad / amser i weld y ffeil fel ag yr oedd bryd hynny.
Dyddiad / Amser | Bawdlun | Hyd a lled | Defnyddiwr | Sylw | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cyfredol | 12:45, 13 Ionawr 2018 | ![]() | 1,200 × 662 (273 KB) | Feminist | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
Cysylltiadau'r ffeil
Mae'r 1 tudalennau a ddefnyddir isod yn cysylltu i'r ddelwedd hon:
Defnydd cydwici y ffeil
Mae'r wicis eraill hyn yn defnyddio'r ffeil hon:
- Y defnydd ar ar.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar arz.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ast.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar bat-smg.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar bn.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ca.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ce.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar dag.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar de.wikivoyage.org
- Y defnydd ar diq.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar el.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar en.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar en.wikivoyage.org
- Y defnydd ar et.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar eu.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ga.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar gl.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar he.wikivoyage.org
- Y defnydd ar ht.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar hy.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ia.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar it.wikivoyage.org
- Y defnydd ar ja.wikivoyage.org
- Y defnydd ar ku.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar lld.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar lv.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar no.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar os.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar pl.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ps.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar ru.wikinews.org
- Y defnydd ar sr.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar sv.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar sw.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar th.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar tt.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar vo.wikipedia.org
- Y defnydd ar www.wikidata.org
- Y defnydd ar zh.wikipedia.org
Gweld rhagor o'r defnydd cydwici o'r ffeil hon.
Metadata
Mae'r ffeil hon yn cynnwys gwybodaeth ychwanegol, sydd mwy na thebyg wedi dod o'r camera digidol neu'r sganiwr a ddefnyddiwyd i greu'r ffeil neu ei digido. Os yw'r ffeil wedi ei cael ei newid ers ei chreu efallai nad yw'r manylion hyn yn dal i fod yn gywir.
Gwneuthurwr y camera | Canon |
---|---|
Model y camera | Canon EOS REBEL T3i |
Amser dinoethi | 1/80 eiliad (0.0125) |
Cymhareb yr agorfa (rhif F) | f/22 |
Cyfraddiad cyflymder ISO | 100 |
Dyddiad ac amser y cynhyrchwyd y data | 09:50, 11 Mehefin 2013 |
Hyd ffocal y lens | 34 mm |
Gogwydd | Normal |
Datrysiad llorweddol | 72 dpi |
Datrysiad fertigol | 72 dpi |
Dyddiad ac amser y newidiwyd y ffeil ddiwethaf | 09:50, 11 Mehefin 2013 |
Lleoli Y a C | Cyd-leoledig |
Rhaglen Dinoethi | Hunan-ddewis |
Fersiwn Exif | 2.3 |
Dyddiad ac amser y digido | 09:50, 11 Mehefin 2013 |
Ystyr pob cydran |
|
Cyflymder APEX y caead | 6.375 |
Agorfa APEX | 9 |
Bias dinoethi | 0 |
Modd mesur goleuni | Smotyn |
Fflach | Ni daniodd y fflach, hepgorwyd y fflach |