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Events from the year 1857 in Canada.

Incumbents

• Monarch — Victoria

Federal government

• Parliament — 5th

Governors

• Governor General of the Province of Canada — Edmund Walker Head
• Colonial Governor of Newfoundland — Charles Henry Darling
• Governor of New Brunswick — John Manners-Sutton
• Governor of Nova Scotia — John Gaspard Le Marchant
• Governor of Prince Edward Island — Dominick Daly

Premiers

• Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada —
  • [[]], Canada West Premier
  • [[]], Canada East Premier
  • [[]],
• Premier of Newfoundland — Philip Francis Little
• Premier of New Brunswick — Charles Fisher
• Premier of Nova Scotia — William Young
• Premier of Prince Edward Island — John Holl

Events

• March 12 — The bridge over Desjardins Canal, near Hamilton, Canada West, collapses under a Great Western Railway passenger train. About 60 people die.
• December 31 — Ottawa is chosen as the new capital of Canada
• Grand Trunk Railway (Windsor-Montreal) completed, but $7 million in debt.
• Queen Victoria names Ottawa as capital of the Province of Canada.
• The Palliser Expedition begins its exploration of Western Canada.
• Coal mining begins at Coal Harbor on the Kenai Peninsula.

Births

January to June

• February 2 — Alexander Cameron Rutherford, lawyer and politician, first premier of Alberta (died 1941)
• February 25 — Robert Bond, politician and Prime Minister of Newfoundland (died 1927)
• February 27 — Adelaide Hoodless, educational reformer who founded the Women's Institute (died 1910)
• March 17 — Willis Keith Baldwin, politician (died 1935)
• June 20 — Adam Beck, politician and hydro-electricity advocate (died 1925)

July to December

• July 27 — Ann Stowe-Gullen, doctor
• August 15 — Theodore Arthur Burrows, politician and Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba (died 1929)
• August 15 — John Strathearn Hendrie, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario (died 1923)
• September 12 — George Halsey Perley, politician and diplomat (died 1938)
• October 10 — Cassie Chadwick, fraudster (died 1907)
• October 10 — George Johnson Clarke, lawyer, journalist, politician and 14th Premier of New Brunswick (died 1917)
• November 25 — Frederick W. A. G. Haultain, politician and 1st Premier of the Northwest Territories (died 1942)

Deaths

• February 10 — David Thompson, fur trader, surveyor and map-maker (born 1770)
• March 13 — William Amherst, 1st Earl Amherst, diplomat and governor general (born 1773)
• September 3 — John McLoughlin, physician, fur trader, and merchant (born 1784)
• November 3 — William Fitzwilliam Owen, naval officer, hydrographic surveyor (born 1774)

Full date unknown

• Isabella Clark, first wife of John A. Macdonald, premier of the Province of Canada (born 1811)