services to users. States that do not fund needleexchangeprograms are associated with increased rates of HIV/AIDS. Nevertheless, the US government has explicitly
individual to needle sharing in an effort to improve the effectiveness of needle-exchangeprograms (NEPs) and other harm reduction programs for PWID. The
precondition of support. Low-threshold treatment programs are distinct from simple needleexchangeprograms, and may include comprehensive healthcare and
blood-borne diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and protozoa. Needleexchangeprograms (NEPs) are an attempt to reduce the spread of blood-borne diseases