• IntroductionAcademic grading in Germany
  • Grades by educationPrimary and lower secondary educationPedagogic gradingUpper secondary educationTertiary educationLaw schoolsOverview
  • Conversion of gradesModified Bavarian formulaLatin grades
  • East Germany (1950s–1980s)
  • Criticism of German grading policiesThe case of Sabine CzernyComparisons between Gymnasium and Gesamtschule (comprehensive school)
  • Predictive ability
  • References