Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Medical condition / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is a subtype of the rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue cancer family whose lineage is from mesenchymal cells and are related to skeletal muscle cells.[1] ARMS tumors resemble the alveolar tissue in the lungs.[1] Tumor location varies from patient to patient, but is commonly found in the head and neck region, male and female urogenital tracts, the torso, and extremities.[2] Two fusion proteins can be associated with ARMS, but are not necessary, PAX3-FKHR (now known as FOXO1).[3][4] and PAX7-FKHR.[5][6] In children and adolescents ARMS accounts for about 1 percent of all malignancies, has an incidence rate of 1 per million, and most cases occur sporadically with no genetic predisposition.[1] PAX3-FOXO1 is now known to drive cancer-promoting gene expression programs through creation of distant genetic elements called super enhancers.[7]