Blood vessel formation, when new vessels emerge from existing vessels

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Angiogenesis</span>

Angiogenesis

<p><b>Angiogenesis</b> is the physiological process through which new <a href="/en/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel" class="wl">blood vessels</a> form from pre-existing vessels,<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Nova_Science_2013_p._1-0"><a href="#cite_note-Nova_Science_2013_p.-1" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 1;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[1]</span></a></span><span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="#cite_note-2" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 2;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[2]</span></a></span><span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="#cite_note-3" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 3;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[3]</span></a></span> formed in the earlier stage of <a href="/en/Vasculogenesis" title="Vasculogenesis" class="wl">vasculogenesis</a>. Angiogenesis continues the growth of the <a href="/en/Circulatory_system" title="Circulatory system" class="wl">vasculature</a> by processes of sprouting and splitting.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Columbia_4-0"><a href="#cite_note-Columbia-4" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 4;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[4]</span></a></span> Vasculogenesis is the <a href="/en/Embryogenesis" title="Embryogenesis" class="mw-redirect wl">embryonic</a> formation of <a href="/en/Endothelium" title="Endothelium" class="wl">endothelial</a> cells from <a href="/en/Mesoderm" title="Mesoderm" class="wl">mesoderm</a> cell precursors,<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Risau_5-0"><a href="#cite_note-Risau-5" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 5;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[5]</span></a></span> and from <a href="/en/Neovascularization" title="Neovascularization" class="wl">neovascularization</a>, although discussions are not always precise (especially in older texts). The first vessels in the developing <a href="/en/Embryo" title="Embryo" class="wl">embryo</a> form through vasculogenesis, after which angiogenesis is responsible for most, if not all, blood vessel growth during <a href="/en/Embryogenesis" title="Embryogenesis" class="mw-redirect wl">development</a> and in disease.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Flamme_6-0"><a href="#cite_note-Flamme-6" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 6;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[6]</span></a></span></p>

<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none" about="#mwt1">Blood vessel formation, when new vessels emerge from existing vessels</div>
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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066479718" typeof="mw:Extension/templatestyles mw:Transclusion">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><div class='mobile-collapse'><header class="mobile-collapse-header mobile-collapse-btn"><b>Quick facts: Angiogenesis...</b> <span class='arrow'>▼</span></header> <table class="infobox mobile-collapse-element"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above notheme" style="background-color:thistle">Angiogenesis</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size"><a href="/en/File:Angiogenesis.png" class="mw-file-description image media-thumb" data-hash="File:Angiogenesis.png"><img loading="lazy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Angiogenesis.png/250px-Angiogenesis.png" decoding="async" data-file-width="399" data-file-height="169" data-file-type="bitmap" height="106" width="250" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Angiogenesis.png/375px-Angiogenesis.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b5/Angiogenesis.png 2x" alt="Angiogenesis.png"></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Angiogenesis following vasculogenesis</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><a href="/en/Anatomical_terminology" title="Anatomical terminology" class="wl">Anatomical terminology</a><div style="text-align: right;"><small class="noprint">[<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q539568" title="d:Q539568" class="extiw" target="_blank">edit on Wikidata</a>]</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <footer class='mobile-collapse-footer mobile-collapse-btn'><b>Close</b> <span class='arrow'>▲</span></footer></div>
<figure class="wiki-thumb"><a href="/en/File:Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg" class="mw-file-description image media-thumb" data-hash="File:Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg"><img loading="lazy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg/263px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg" decoding="async" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" data-file-type="bitmap" height="148" width="263" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg/395px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg/526px-Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg 2x" alt="Angiogenesis_medical_animation_still.jpg"></a><figcaption>3D medical animation still showing angiogenesis</figcaption></figure>
<p>Angiogenesis is a normal and vital process in growth and development, as well as in <a href="/en/Wound_healing" title="Wound healing" class="wl">wound healing</a> and in the formation of <a href="/en/Granulation_tissue" title="Granulation tissue" class="wl">granulation tissue</a>. However, it is also a fundamental step in the transition of <a href="/en/Tumor" title="Tumor" class="mw-redirect wl">tumors</a> from a benign state to a <a href="/en/Malignant" title="Malignant" class="mw-redirect wl">malignant</a> one, leading to the use of <a href="/en/Angiogenesis_inhibitor" title="Angiogenesis inhibitor" class="wl">angiogenesis inhibitors</a> in the treatment of <a href="/en/Cancer" title="Cancer" class="wl">cancer</a>.<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-:3_7-0"><a href="#cite_note-:3-7" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 7;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[7]</span></a></span> The essential role of angiogenesis in tumor growth was first proposed in 1971 by <a href="/en/Judah_Folkman" title="Judah Folkman" class="wl">Judah Folkman</a>, who described tumors as "hot and bloody,"<span class="mw-ref reference" id="cite_ref-Penn2008_8-0"><a href="#cite_note-Penn2008-8" style="counter-reset: mw-Ref 8;"><span class="mw-reflink-text">[8]</span></a></span> illustrating that, at least for many tumor types, flush <a href="/en/Perfusion" title="Perfusion" class="wl">perfusion</a> and even <a href="/en/Hyperaemia" title="Hyperaemia" class="wl">hyperemia</a> are characteristic.</p>



Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, Angiogenesis is a normal and vital process in growth and development, as well as in wound healing and in the formation of granulation tissue. However, it is also a fundamental step in the transition of tumors from a benign state to a malignant one, leading to the use of angiogenesis inhibitors in the treatment of cancer. illustrating that, at least for many tumor types, flush perfusion and even hyperemia are characteristic. 