The following Union Army units and commanders fought in the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House (May 8–21, 1864) of the American Civil War. The Confederate order of battle is listed separately. Order of battle compiled from the casualty returns[1] and the reports.[2][3]
LTG Ulysses S. Grant, General-in-Chief, Union armies
Escort:
Army of the Potomac
MG George G. Meade
General Staff:
General Headquarters:
Provost Guard: BG Marsena R. Patrick
Engineer Troops:
Guards and Orderlies:
- Independent Company Oneida (New York) Cavalry
II Corps
MG Winfield S. Hancock
Escort:
- 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M
More information Division, Brigade ...
Division |
Brigade |
Regiments and Others |
First Division
BG Francis C. Barlow |
1st Brigade
Col Nelson A. Miles
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Thomas A. Smyth
|
|
3rd Brigade[18]
Col Paul Frank[19]
Col Hiram L. Brown (c)[20]
Col Clinton D. MacDougall
|
|
4th Brigade
Col John R. Brooke
|
|
Second Division
BG John Gibbon |
1st Brigade
BG Alexander S. Webb (w)
Col H. Boyd McKeen
|
|
2nd Brigade
BG Joshua T. Owen
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Samuel S. Carroll (w)
Col Theodore G. Ellis
|
|
Provost Guard |
|
Third Division
MG David B. Birney |
1st Brigade
BG J. H. Hobart Ward[22]
Col Thomas W. Egan
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col John S. Crocker
|
|
Fourth Division[23]
BG Gershom Mott |
1st Brigade
Col Robert McAllister
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col William R. Brewster
|
|
|
Artillery Brigade
Col John C. Tidball
|
- Maine Light, 6th Battery (F)
- Massachusetts Light, 10th Battery
- New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery
- 1st New York Light, Battery G
- 4th New York Heavy, 3rd Battalion
- 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B
- 4th United States, Battery K
- 5th United States, Batteries C and I
|
Close
V Corps
MG Gouverneur K. Warren
Provost Guard:
More information Division, Brigade ...
Division |
Brigade |
Regiments and Others |
First Division
BG Charles Griffin |
1st Brigade
BG Romeyn B. Ayres
|
- 140th New York: Col George Ryan (k)
- 146th New York
- 91st Pennsylvania
- 155th Pennsylvania
- 2nd United States, Companies B, C, F, H, I, and K
- 11th United States, Companies B, C, D, E, F, and G, 1st Battalion
- 12th United States, Companies A, B, C, D, and G, 1st Battalion, and Companies A, C, D, F, and H, 2nd Battalion
- 14th United States, 1st Battalion
- 17th United States, Companies A, C, D, G, and H, 1st Battalion, and Companies A, B, and C, 2nd Battalion
|
2nd Brigade
Col Jacob B. Sweitzer
|
|
3rd Brigade
BG Joseph J. Bartlett
|
|
Second Division[26]
BG John C. Robinson (w)
Col Richard Coulter |
1st Brigade
Col Peter Lyle
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Richard Coulter[28]
Col James L. Bates
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Andrew W. Denison (w)
Col Charles E. Phelps (c)
Col Richard N. Bowerman
|
|
Third Division
BG Samuel W. Crawford |
1st Brigade
Col William McCandless (w)
Col William C. Talley (c)
Col Wellington H. Ent
Col Samuel M. Jackson
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Joseph W. Fisher
|
|
Fourth Division
BG Lysander Cutler |
1st Brigade
Col William W. Robinson
|
|
2nd Brigade
BG James C. Rice (k)
Col Edward B. Fowler
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Edward S. Bragg
|
|
|
Artillery Brigade
Col Charles S. Wainwright
|
|
Close
VI Corps
MG John Sedgwick (k)
BG Horatio G. Wright
Escort:
More information Division, Brigade ...
Close
LTG Ulysses S. Grant, General-in-Chief, Union armies
Escort:
Army of the Potomac
MG George G. Meade
General Staff:
General Headquarters:
Provost Guard: BG Marsena R. Patrick
Engineer Troops:
Guards and Orderlies:
- Independent Company Oneida (New York) Cavalry
II Corps
MG Winfield S. Hancock
Escort:
- 1st Vermont Cavalry, Company M
More information Division, Brigade ...
Division |
Brigade |
Regiments and Others |
First Division
BG Francis C. Barlow |
1st Brigade
Col Nelson A. Miles
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Thomas A. Smyth[39]
Col Richard Byrnes
|
|
3rd Brigade[18]
Col Clinton D. MacDougall
|
|
4th Brigade
Col John R. Brooke
|
|
Second Division
BG John Gibbon |
1st Brigade
Col H. Boyd McKeen
|
|
2nd Brigade
BG Joshua T. Owen
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Theodore G. Ellis
Col Thomas A. Smyth[39]
|
|
4th Brigade[41]
Col Mathew Murphy (w)
Col James P. McIvor
|
|
Provost Guard |
- 2nd Company Minnesota Sharpshooters
|
Third Division
MG David B. Birney |
1st Brigade
Col Thomas W. Egan
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col John S. Crocker
Col Elijah Walker[42]
|
|
3rd Brigade
BG Gershom Mott
|
|
4th Brigade
Col William R. Brewster
|
|
Fourth Division[43]
BG Robert O. Tyler |
no brigade organization |
|
|
Artillery Brigade
Col John C. Tidball
|
- Maine Light, 6th Battery (F)
- Massachusetts Light, 10th Battery
- New Hampshire Light, 1st Battery
- 1st New Jersey Light, Battery B[44]
- 1st New York Light, Battery G
- 4th New York Heavy, 3rd Battalion
- New York Light, 11th Battery[44]
- New York Light, 12th Battery[44]
- 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery F
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery A
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery B
- 4th United States, Battery K
- 5th United States, Batteries C and I
|
Close
V Corps
MG Gouverneur K. Warren
Provost Guard:
More information Division, Brigade ...
Division |
Brigade |
Regiments and Others |
First Division
BG Charles Griffin |
1st Brigade
BG Romeyn B. Ayres
|
- 140th New York
- 146th New York
- 91st Pennsylvania
- 155th Pennsylvania
- 2nd United States, Companies B, C, F, H, I, and K
- 11th United States, Companies B, C, D, E, F, and G, 1st Battalion
- 12th United States, Companies A, B, C, D, and G, 1st Battalion, and Companies A, C, D, F, and H, 2nd Battalion
- 14th United States, 1st Battalion
- 17th United States, Companies A, C, D, G, and H, 1st Battalion, and Companies A, B, and C, 2nd Battalion
|
2nd Brigade
Col Jacob B. Sweitzer
|
|
3rd Brigade
BG Joseph J. Bartlett
|
|
Third Division
BG Samuel W. Crawford |
1st Brigade
Col Samuel M. Jackson
Col Martin D. Hardin[45]
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Richard Coulter (w)
Col James L. Bates
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Joseph W. Fisher
|
|
Fourth Division
BG Lysander Cutler |
1st Brigade
Col William W. Robinson
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Edward B. Fowler[46]
Col J. William Hofmann
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Edward S. Bragg
|
|
4th Brigade
Col Peter Lyle
|
|
Provost Guard |
|
Reporting directly |
Heavy Artillery Brigade
Col J. Howard Kitching
|
- 6th New York Heavy Artillery
- 15th New York Heavy Artillery, 1st and 3rd Battalions
|
Maryland Brigade
Col Richard N. Bowerman
|
|
|
Artillery Brigade
Col Charles S. Wainwright
|
- Massachusetts Light, Battery C
- Massachusetts Light, Battery E
- Massachusetts Light, 9th Battery[44]
- 1st New York Light, Battery B[44]
- 1st New York Light, Battery C[44]
- 1st New York Light, Battery D
- 1st New York Light, Batteries E and L
- 1st New York Light, Battery H
- New York Light, 5th Battery[44][48]
- New York Light, 15th Battery[44]
- 4th New York Heavy, 2nd Battalion
- 1st Pennsylvania Light, Battery B
- 4th United States, Battery B
- 5th United States, Battery D
|
Close
VI Corps
BG Horatio G. Wright
Escort:
- 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company A
More information Division, Brigade ...
Division |
Brigade |
Regiments and Others |
First Division
BG David A. Russell |
1st Brigade
Col William H. Penrose
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Emory Upton
|
|
3rd Brigade
BG Henry L. Eustis
|
|
4th Brigade
Col Nelson Cross
|
|
Second Division
BG Thomas H. Neill |
1st Brigade
BG Frank Wheaton
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Lewis A. Grant
|
|
3rd Brigade
Col Daniel D. Bidwell
|
|
4th Brigade
Col Oliver Edwards
|
|
Third Division
BG James B. Ricketts |
1st Brigade
Col William S. Truex
|
|
2nd Brigade
Col Benjamin F. Smith
|
|
|
Artillery Brigade
Col Charles H. Tompkins
|
- Maine Light, 4th Battery (D)
- Maine Light, 5th Battery (E)[44]
- Massachusetts Light, 1st Battery (A)
- 1st New Jersey Light, Battery A[44]
- New York Light, 1st Battery
- New York Light, 3rd Battery
- 4th New York Heavy, 1st Battalion
- 1st Ohio Light, Battery H[44]
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery C
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery E
- 1st Rhode Island Light, Battery G
- 5th United States, Battery E[44]
- 5th United States, Battery M
|
Close
Cavalry
More information Brigade, Regiments and Others ...
Close
Artillery
More information Division, Brigade ...
Close
Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pages 136–153 Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 1, pages 1162–1168 Multiple commander names indicate command succession of command during the battle or the campaign.
The IX Corps was under the direct orders of Lieutenant General Grant until May 24, 1864, when it was assigned to the Army of the Potomac. (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 3, page 169) Assumed command May 12, 1864
Disabled by sickness May 8, 1864
Assumed command May 13, 1864
Commanded the division May 10–12, 1864; disabled by sickness May 14, 1864
Injured May 11, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
1st and 2nd Companies Michigan Sharpshooters attached
Disabled from command May 11, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
9th and 10th Companies Ohio Sharpshooters attached
In reserve guarding trains
Not engaged; ordered to Washington May 16, 1864
Discontinued as an unattached command and assigned to the First Division May 12, 1864
Relieved for drunkenness on May 10, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
Assigned May 10, 1864; captured May 12, 1864
Detachment 7th New York attached
Relieved for drunkenness on May 12, 1864 (see: Gordon C. Rhea, The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864, The Order of Battle)
Assigned as the Third and Fourth Brigades of the Third Division May 13, Mott taking command of the former and Brewster of the latter brigade (see: Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, pages 709 and 711) 2nd Company Massachusetts Sharpshooters attached
Brady's Company Michigan Sharpshooters attached
Robinson was wounded on May 8, 1864. On May 9, 1864 the division was temporarily disbanded, the First Brigade being attached to the Fourth Division, and the Second to the Third Division; the Third Brigade served as an independent command under direct orders of the corps commander. This arrangement continued till May 30, 1864.
Coulter assumed command of the division and Bates of the brigade May 8, 1864. The former returned to the brigade May 9, 1864
Provost guard of division from May 11, 1864
Assumed command May 14, 1864
Cavalry Corps absent on expedition toward Richmond from May 9, 1864
Detached from Cavalry Corps and left at Spotsylvania Court House during Richmond Raid. (see: Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, The Order of Battle)
Chief of Artillery to the whole Army
1st Brigade Horse Artillery detached with Cavalry Corps; 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery attached to the Artillery Reserve (see: Hunt's report)
Disbanded and distributed among the infantry corps May 16, 1864
Transferred to V Corps on May 13, 1864
Assigned to command Third Brigade, Second Division, May 17, 1864
Joined May 18 and 19, 1864
Transferred from Artillery Reserve May 16, 1864
Assumed command May 18, 1864
Sent to Washington D.C. May 19, 1864
Joined May 21, 1864 (see: Upton's report; Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, The Order of Battle)
Rejoined the army on May 16, 1864, and assumed command of all the cavalry (see: Torbert's report; Official Records, Series I, Volume XXXVI, Part 2, pages 851-852; Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, page 192) 1st Brigade Horse Artillery detached with Cavalry Corps; 2nd Brigade Horse Artillery stayed with the Army in Reserve (see: Hunt's report)
Attached to Torbert's Command (see: Gordon C. Rhea, To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864, page 192)
- Rhea, Gordon C. The Battles for Spotsylvania Court House and the Road to Yellow Tavern May 7–12, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8071-3067-2
- Rhea, Gordon C. To The North Anna River: Grant and Lee May 13–25, 1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-8071-3111-3
- U.S. War Department, The War of the Rebellion: a Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.