BPS CS22892-0052 (Sneden's Star) is an old population II star located at a distance of 4.7 kiloparsecs (15,000 light-years) in the Milky Way's galactic halo. It belongs to a class of ultra-metal-poor stars (metallicity [Fe/H]=-3.1), specifically the very rare subclass of neutron-capture (r-process) enhanced stars. It was discovered by Tim C. Beers and collaborators with the Curtis Schmidt telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Extended high-resolution spectroscopic observations since around 1995 (with Chris Sneden from the University of Texas at Austin as the leading observer) allowed observers to determine the abundances of 53 chemical elements in this star, as of December 2005 only second in number to the Sun.
| Observation data Epoch J2000 Equinox J2000 | |
|---|---|
| Constellation | Aquarius |
| Right ascension | 22h 17m 01.65585s[1] |
| Declination | −16° 39′ 27.0519″[1] |
| Apparent magnitude (V) | 13.21[2] |
| Characteristics | |
| Spectral type | KIIvw[3][failed verification] |
| B−V color index | 0.78[3] |
| Astrometry | |
| Radial velocity (Rv) | +13.0[2] km/s |
| Proper motion (μ) | RA: 12.321[1] mas/yr Dec.: −6.493[1] mas/yr |
| Parallax (π) | 0.1868 ± 0.0440 mas[1] |
| Distance | approx. 17,000 ly (approx. 5,000 pc) |
| Absolute magnitude (MV) | −0.23[4] |
| Details | |
| Mass | 1.13[5] M☉ |
| Radius | 13.8[6] R☉ |
| Surface gravity (log g) | 1.15[2] cgs |
| Temperature | 4,690[2] K |
| Metallicity [Fe/H] | −3.19[3] dex |
| Age | 13[citation needed] Gyr |
| Other designations | |
| Database references | |
| SIMBAD | data |
From barium (Z=56) on, all elements show the pattern of the r-process contribution to the abundances of the elements in the Solar System. Comparing the observed abundances for a stable element such as europium (Z=63) and the radioactive element thorium (Z=90) to calculated abundances of an r-process in a type II supernova explosion (as from the universities at Mainz and Basel groups of Karl-Ludwig Kratz and Friedrich-Karl Thielemann) have allowed observers to determine the age of this star to be about 13 billion years. Similar ages have been derived for other ultra-metal-poor stars (CS31082-001, BD+17°3248 and HE 1523-0901) from thorium-to-uranium ratios.
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