Cellulose synthase (UDP-forming)
Cellulose synthesizing enzyme in plants and bacteria / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The UDP-forming form of cellulose synthase (EC 2.4.1.12) is the main enzyme that produces cellulose. Systematically, it is known as UDP-glucose:(1→4)-β-D-glucan 4-β-D-glucosyltransferase in enzymology. It catalyzes the chemical reaction:
- UDP-glucose + [(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl]n = UDP + [(1→4)-β-D-glucosyl]n+1
Cellulose synthase (CesA/BcsA) | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
Symbol | Cellulose_synth | ||||||||
Pfam | PF03552 | ||||||||
InterPro | IPR005150 | ||||||||
TCDB | 4.D.3 | ||||||||
CAZy | GT2 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
4p02 chain A; CAZy and TCDB also includes other proteins |
Bacterial cellulose synthase di-GMP-binding regulatory subunit | |||||||||
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Identifiers | |||||||||
Symbol | BcsB | ||||||||
Pfam | PF03170 | ||||||||
InterPro | IPR018513 | ||||||||
CATH | 4p02 | ||||||||
OPM superfamily | 302 | ||||||||
OPM protein | 4p02 | ||||||||
Membranome | 539 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
4p02 chain B |
A similar enzyme utilizes GDP-glucose, cellulose synthase (GDP-forming) (EC 2.4.1.29).
This family of enzymes is found in bacteria and plants alike. Plant members are usually known as CesA (cellulose synthase) or the tentative CslA (cellulose synthase-like), while bacterial members may additionally be known as BcsA (bacterial cellulose synthase) or CelA (simply "cellulose").[1] Plants acquired CesA from the endosymbiosis event that produced the chloroplast.[2] This family belongs to glucosyltransferase family 2 (GT2).[1] Glycosyltransferases are involved in the biosynthesis and hydrolysis of the bulk of earth's biomass.[3] There are known to be about seven subfamilies in the plant CesA superfamily,[4] or ten in the combined plant-algal superfamily.[5] Urochordates are the only group of animals possessing this enzyme, having acquired them by horizontal gene transfer more than 530 million years ago.[6]