Cycle per second

This article is about the unit of frequency. For the unit used to measure ionizing radiation, see counts per minute.

The cycle per second is a once-common English name for the unit of frequency now known as the hertz (Hz). Cycles per second may be denoted by c.p.s., c/s, or, ambiguously, just "cycles" (Cyc., Cy., C, or c). The term comes from repetitive phenomena such as sound waves having a frequency measurable as a number of oscillations, or cycles, per second.^[1]

Cycle per second
A 1 MHz military-grade crystal resonator with an octal base, marked "1000 KC" for 1000 kilocycles per second.
General information
Unit of	Frequency, rotational frequency
Symbol	cps, c/s
Conversions
1 cps in ...	... is equal to ...
SI units	1 Hz=1 s−1

With the organization of the International System of Units in 1960, the cycle per second was officially replaced by the hertz, or reciprocal second, "s⁻¹" or "1/s". Symbolically, "cycle per second" units are "cycle/second", while hertz is "Hz" or "s⁻¹".^[2] For higher frequencies, kilocycles (kc), as an abbreviation of kilocycles per second were often used on components or devices. Other higher units like megacycle (Mc) and less commonly kilomegacycle (kMc) were used before 1960^[3] and in some later documents.^[4] These have modern equivalents such as kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz). Following the introduction of the SI standard, use of these terms began to fall off in favor of the new unit, with hertz becoming the dominant convention in both academic and colloquial speech by the 1970s.^[5]

Cycle can also be a unit for measuring usage of reciprocating machines, especially presses, in which cases cycle refers to one complete revolution of the mechanism being measured (i.e. the shaft of a reciprocating engine).

Derived units include cycles per day (cpd) and cycles per year (cpy).

See also

Crystal resonators, the 1940s-era center unit is marked in kc.

• Cycles per instruction (CPI)
• Cycles per metre
• Heinrich Hertz
• Instructions per cycle (IPC)
• Instructions per second (IPS)
• MKS system of units a predecessor of the SI set of units
• Normalized frequency
• Radian per second
• Revolutions per minute (RPM)
• Turn (angle)

References

1. Ewbank, Henry Lee; Lawton, Sherman Paxton (1940). Projects for Radio Speech: A Manual for the Student. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 151.
2. Taylor, Barry N.; Thompson, Ambler, eds. (2008). International System of Units (SI) (PDF). Special Publication. Vol. 330 (2008 ed.). Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology. p. 27. Retrieved 2019-09-02.
3. Grammer, George (January 1933). "Rationalizing the Autodyne". QST. XVII (1). West Hartford, CN: American Radio Relay, Inc.: 11. Retrieved 2019-09-02. The 7000- and 14,000-kc. grid coils are wound with No. 18 enameled wire ...
4. Guentzler, Ronald E. (April 1967). "The "Monode" Noise Generator". QST. LI (2). West Hartford, CN: American Radio Relay, Inc.: 30. Retrieved 2019-09-02. The Monode described here is usable at frequencies below 144 Mc. with slight modification.
5. "Kilocycle, Kilohertz, Megacycle, Megahertz". Google Ngram Viewer. 2020-07-03.