Social Democracy (Czech Republic)

"ČSSD" redirects here. For other uses, see CSSD.

Social Democracy (Czech: Sociální demokracie, SOCDEM), known as the Czech Social Democratic Party (Czech: Česká strana sociálně demokratická, ČSSD) until 10 June 2023, is a social-democratic^[4][5] political party in the Czech Republic.^[6] Sitting on the centre-left of the political spectrum^[7] and holding pro-European views,^[8][9] it is a member of the Party of European Socialists, the Socialist International, and the Progressive Alliance.^[6] Masaryk Democratic Academy is the party-affiliated's think tank.^[10]

Social Democracy Sociální demokracie
Abbreviation	SOCDEM
Leader	Michal Šmarda (outgoing)[1]
Senate Leader	Petr Vícha
Founders	Josef Boleslav Pecka Ladislav Zápotocký
Founded	7 April 1878; 146 years ago (1878-04-07)
Headquarters	Lidový dům, Hybernská 7, Prague
Think tank	Masaryk Democratic Academy
Youth wing	Young Social Democrats
Women's wing	Social Democratic Women
Religious wing	Christian Social Platform
Membership (2023)	6,500[2]
Ideology	Social democracy[3] Pro-Europeanism[3]
Political position	Centre-left[3]
National affiliation	National Front (1945-1948)
European affiliation	Party of European Socialists
European Parliament group	Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
International affiliation	Progressive Alliance Socialist International
Colours	Pastel red
Slogan	Lidskost místo sobectví (Humanity Instead of Selfishness)
Chamber of Deputies	0 / 200
Senate	1 / 81
European Parliament	0 / 21
Regional councils	37 / 675
Governors of the regions	1 / 13
Local councils	799 / 61,780
Party flag
Website
socdem.cz
Politics of the Czech Republic Political parties Elections

The ČSSD was a junior coalition party within Andrej Babiš' Second Cabinet's minority government from June 2018, and was a senior coalition party from 1998 to 2006 and from 2013 to 2017. It held 15 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic following the 2017 Czech legislative election in which the party lost 35 seats.^[6] From 2018 to 2021, the party was led by Jan Hamáček, who has since been replaced by Michal Šmarda as leader after the 2021 Czech legislative election, in which the party lost all of its seats after falling below 5%.^[11]

History

The Social Democratic Czechoslavonic party in Austria (Czech: Sociálně Demokratická strana Českoslovanská v Rakousku) was a political group founded on 7 April 1878 in Austria-Hungary as a regional wing of the Social Democratic Party of Austria. Founded in Břevnov atop earlier social democratic initiatives, such as the Ouls, it represented much of the Kingdom of Bohemia in the Austrian parliament, and its significant role in the political life of the empire was one of the factors that led to the creation of an independent Czechoslovakia. After the collapse of Austria-Hungary at the end of World War I, the party became one of the leading parties of the first Czechoslovak Republic. Its members were split over whether to join the Comintern, which in 1921 resulted in the fracturing of the party, with a large part of its membership then forming the new Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

Party membership card, 1945

During the occupation of the Czech lands by Nazi Germany, the party was officially abolished, but its members organized resistance movements contrary to the laws of the German-controlled Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, both at home and abroad. After the re-establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic in 1945, the party returned to its pre-war structure and became a member of the National Front which formed a new governing coalition. In 1948, after the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia gained a parliamentary majority, the Czech Social Democratic Party was incorporated into the Communist Party. At the time of the Prague Spring, a reformist movement in 1968, there were talks about allowing the recreation of a social democratic party, but Soviet intervention put an end to such ideas. It was only after the Velvet Revolution of 1989 that the party was recreated. Since the dissolution of Czechoslovakia, which came into effect on 1 January 1993, the ČSSD has been one of the major political parties of the Czech Republic, and until October 2017 was always one of the two parties with the largest number of seats in the Chamber of Deputies.

At the 1998 Czech legislative election, the party won the largest number of seats but failed to form a coalition government, so formed a minority government under its leader Miloš Zeman. With only 74 seats out of 200, the government had confidence and supply from the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), under the so-called Opposition Agreement. At the 2002 Czech legislative election, the party gained 70 of the 200 seats in the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic. Its leader Vladimír Špidla became prime minister, heading a coalition with two small centre-right parties, the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party (KDU–ČSL) and the Freedom Union – Democratic Union (US-DEU) until he was forced to resign in 2004 after the ČSSD lost in the 2004 European Parliament election in the Czech Republic.

The next leader was Stanislav Gross, serving as leader from 26 June 2004 to 26 April 2005 and as prime minister from 4 August 2004 to 25 April 2005. He resigned after a scandal when he was unable to explain the source of money used to buy his house. The successor of Gross as prime minister was Jiří Paroubek, while Bohuslav Sobotka became acting party leader from 26 April 2005 to 13 May 2006. Paroubek was then elected as the new party leader in the run-up to the 2006 Czech legislative election, at which the party won 32.3% of the vote and 74 out of 200 seats. The election at first caused a stalemate, since the centre-right parties plus the Green Party and the centre-left parties each had exactly 100 seats. The stalemate was broken when two ČSSD deputies, Miloš Melčák and Michal Pohanka, abstained during a vote of confidence, allowing a coalition of the Civic Democrats (ODS), the KDU-ČSL, and the Green Party to form a government, while the ČSSD went into opposition.

Former party leader and prime minister Bohuslav Sobotka (on the right) and the next former party leader and interior minister Jan Hamáček

At the 2010 Czech legislative election, the ČSSD gained 22.08% of the vote but remained the largest party, with 56 seats. Failing to form a governing coalition, it remained in opposition to a government coalition of the ODS, conservative TOP 09 and conservative-liberal Public Affairs parties. Paroubek resigned as leader on 7 June and was succeeded by Sobotka.^[12] It remained the largest party after the 2013 Czech legislative election, and in December of the same year formed a governing coalition with the populist ANO 2011 and the centrist Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party.^[13] The leader of ČSSD, Bohuslav Sobotka, became the new Prime Minister of the Czech Republic.^[14]

The party suffered heavy losses in the 2017 Czech legislative election and was reduced to 15 seats, the worst result in its history. ČSSD suffered another defeat in the Prague Municipal, local and Senate elections in 2018. ČSSD lost 12 senators (only one managed to win re-election), all Prague deputies and more than half of their local councillors. In 2019 ČSSD lost all their representatives in the European Parliament. Some political commentators have interpreted the string of poor results as a sign of ČSSD losing their position in national politics.^[15] ČSSD suffered another defeat in 2020 Regional Elections and Senate elections, when they lost 10 senators (none re-elected) and 97 regional deputies.^[16][17] From 2018 to 2021, ČSSD had Jan Hamáček as First Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Interior, Jana Maláčová as Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, Lubomír Zaorálek as Minister of Culture, and Miroslav Toman as Minister of Agriculture. After the poor performance of the ČSSD in the 2021 Czech legislative election, in which the party failed to meet the 5% voting threshold, Hamáček resigned as leader of the party.^[11]

Organization

Names

Czech lands as part of Austria-Hungary:

• 1878–1893: Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Party in Austria (Sociálně-demokratická strana českoslovanská v Rakousku), then part of the Social Democratic Party of Austria
• 1893–1918: Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Workers' Party (Českoslovanská sociálně demokratická stranu dělnická), an independent party

Czechoslovakia:

• 1918–1938: Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party (Československá sociálně demokratická strana dělnická), and was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1938;^[18] after the split-up of Austria-Hungary, the portion of the party that ended up within the new Republic of Austria split from the main party to form the Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers Party in the Republic of Austria
• 1938–1941: National Labour Party (Národní strana práce), which was a merger of the party with the left wing of the Czechoslovak National Socialist Party to unite the left in opposition to the ruling Party of National Unity
• 1945–1948: Czechoslovak Social Democracy (Československá sociální demokracie)
• 1948–1989: merged with the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia but concurrently existed as an exile party with its headquarters in London
• 1990–1993: Czechoslovak Social Democracy (Československá sociální demokracie)

Czech Republic:

• 1993–2023: Czech Social Democratic Party (Česká strana sociálně demokratická), keeping the previous abbreviation ČSSD
• Since June 2023: Social Democracy (Sociální demokracie), adopting the abbreviation SOCDEM.

Logos

• 
  Party logo, 1945–1948 1990–1992
  (1948–1990 in-exile)
• 
  Party logo, 1992–1998
• 
  Party logo, 2011–2021
• 
  Party logo, 2021–2023
• 
  Party logo, 2023–

• 
  Electoral logo for 2017 elections
• 
  Electoral logo for 2020 elections
• 
  Electoral logo for 2021 elections

Policy positions

In economic matters, the ČSSD party platform is typical of Western European social democratic parties. It supports a mixed economy, a strong welfare state, and progressive taxation. In foreign policy, it supports European integration, including joining the Eurozone, and is critical of the foreign policy of the United States, especially when in opposition, though it does not oppose membership of the Czech Republic in NATO.

Membership

After 1989^[19]

1990	12,954
1991	12,468
1992	11,797
1993	11,031
1994	10,482
1995	11,757
1996	13,043
1997	14,121
1998	17,343
1999	18,762
2000	17,079
2001	16,300
2002	17,026
2003	17,913
2004	16,658
2005	16,750
2006	17,650
2007	18,354
2008	20,684
2009	24,497
2010	24,486
2011	24,000
2012	23,802
2013	22,881
2014	23,202
2015	21,501
2016	20,349
2017	19,477
2018	17,208
2019	13,845
2020	13,139
2021	11,531
2022	9,403
2023	7,539
2024	6,500

Before 1948^[20][21]

1913	169,279
1932	194,857
1935	210,898

Further references

^{[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]}

Election results

Cisleithanian elections

Imperial Council elections

Date	Leader	Votes		Seats			Position
		No.	%	No.	±	Size
1907	Antonín Němec	389,960	8.5	22 / 516	22	6th	Opposition
1911	Antonín Němec	357,234	7.9	25 / 516	3	4th	Opposition

Czechoslovakia wide elections

Legislative elections

Date	Leader	Votes		Seats			Position
		No.	%	No.	±	Size
1920	Antonín Němec	1,590,520	25.7	74 / 300	74	1st	Coalition
1925	Antonín Hampl	632,403	8.9	25 / 300	45	4th	Coalition
1929	Antonín Hampl	963,462	13	39 / 300	10	2nd	Opposition
1935	Antonín Hampl	1,032,773	12.6	38 / 300	1	3rd	Coalition
1946	Zdeněk Fierlinger	855,771	12.1	37 / 300	1	5th	Coalition
1948	as part of National Front			23 / 300	14	3rd	Bloc
1954	Illegal. Merged into Communist Party. De jure in-exile.
1960
1964
1971
1976
1981
1986
1990	Jiří Horák	342,455	3.2	0 / 150	0	9th	No seats
1992	Valtr Komárek Alexander Dubček	648,125	6.8	10 / 150	10	4th	Opposition

Devolved assembly elections

Czech assembly elections

Date	Leader	Votes		Seats			Position
		No.	%	No.	±	Size
1990	Jiří Horák	296,165	4.11	0 / 200	0	6th	No seats
1992	Jiří Horák	422,736	6.53	16 / 200	16	3rd	Opposition

Slovak assembly elections

Date	Leader	Votes		Seats			Position
		No.	%	No.	±	Size
1928	Ivan Dérer	96,901	7.33	4 / 54	4	4th	–
1935	Ivan Dérer	–	11.3	4 / 54	0	5th	–

Czech Republic wide elections

Pre-election meeting of 2018

Election poster with the text "Poor quality food has to get out of the game" in 2019

Legislative elections

Date	Leader	Votes		Seats			Position
		No.	%	No.	±	Size
1996	Miloš Zeman	1,602,250	26.4	61 / 200	45	2nd	External support
1998	Miloš Zeman	1,928,660	32.3	74 / 200	13	1st	Minority
2002	Vladimír Špidla	1,440,279	30.2	70 / 200	4	1st	Coalition
2006	Jiří Paroubek	1,728,827	32.3	74 / 200	4	2nd	Opposition (2006–2009)
							Coalition (2009–2010)
2010	Jiří Paroubek	1,155,267	22.1	56 / 200	18	1st	Opposition
2013	Bohuslav Sobotka	1,016,829	20.5	50 / 200	6	1st	Coalition
2017	Lubomír Zaorálek	368,347	7.3	15 / 200	35	6th	Opposition (2017–2018)
							Coalition (2018–2021)
2021	Jan Hamáček	250,397	4.7	0 / 200	15	6th	No seats

Senate elections

Election	First round				Second round			Seats	Total seats	Notes
	Votes	%	Runners-up	Place*	Votes	%	Place*
1996	559,304	20.3	48 / 81	2nd	733,713	31.8	2nd	25 / 81	25 / 81	The whole Senate was elected. Only one third of Senate was elected in all subsequent elections.
1998	208,845	21.7	5 / 27	3rd	121,700	22.7	3rd	3 / 27	23 / 81
1999	327	1.0	0 / 1	5th				0 / 1	23 / 81	By-election in Prague 1 district.
2000	151,943	17.7	5 / 27	3rd	53,503	9.5	5th	1 / 27	15 / 81
2002	122,397	18.4	14 / 27	2nd	224,386	27.3	2nd	7 / 27	11 / 81
2003	2,424	6.8	0 / 2	6th				0 / 2	11 / 81	By-elections in Strakonice and Brno-city district.
2004	5,203	14.7	1 / 2	3rd	5,358	20.51	3rd	0 / 2	11 / 81	By-elections in Prague 4 and Znojmo districts.
2004	90,446	12.5	3 / 27	4th	24,923	5.2	4th	0 / 27	7 / 81
2006	204,573	19.2	11 / 27	2nd	120,127	20.9	2nd	6 / 27	13 / 81
2007	6,456	21.66	1 / 2	1st	4,338	21.54	2nd	1 / 2	13 / 81	By-elections for Chomutov and Přerov
2008	347,759	33.2	26 / 27	1st	459,829	55.9	1st	23 / 27	29 / 81
2010	290,090	25.3	22 / 27	1st	299,526	44.0	1st	12 / 27	41 / 81
2011	12,088	44.3	1 / 1	1st	13,505	65.1	1st	1 / 1	41 / 81	By-election in Kladno district
2012	199,957	22.7	23 / 27	1st	207,064	40.3	1st	13 / 27	46 / 81
2014	3,695	16.1	0 / 1	3rd				0 / 1	46 / 81	By-election in Zlín district
2014	226,239	22.0	19 / 27	1st	165,629	35.0	1st	10 / 27	33 / 81
2014	2,092	16.8	1 / 1	1st	3,664	50.9	1st	1 / 1	33 / 81	By-election in Prague 10 district, Ivana Cabrnochová was a Green Party candidate supported by ČSSD
2016	128,875	14.6	9 / 27	2nd	55,622	13.1	3rd	2 / 27	25 / 81
2018	1,294	5.7	0 / 1	6th				0 / 1	25 / 81	By-election in Trutnov district.
2018	1,270	7.5	0 / 1	6th				0 / 1	25 / 81	By-election in Zlín district.
2018	100,478	9.2	5 / 27	3rd	33,887	8.10	6th	1 / 27	13 / 81
2019	2,674	13.9	0 / 1	3rd				0 / 1	13 / 81	By-election in Prague 9 district, Petr Daubner was a Czech Pirate Party candidate supported by ČSSD
2020	81,105	8.1	3 / 27	5th	18,175	4.0	8th	0 / 27	3 / 81
2022	43,870	3.9	1 / 27	7th	10,344	2.2	9th	0 / 27	1 / 81

Notes

• In 1996, the whole Senate elected (81 seats), while in next elections only one third of seats is to be contested.

Presidential elections

Indirect election	Candidate		First round result			Second round result			Third round result
			Votes	%	Result	Votes	%	Result	Votes	%	Result
1998		Václav Havel	130	70.65	Runner-up	146	52.3	Won	—
2003
	Jaroslav Bureš	46	17.04	Eliminated	—
	Miloš Zeman	83	30.18	Eliminated	—
	Jan Sokol	128	46.55	Runner-up	129	48.13	Runner-up	124	46.6	Lost
2008		Jan Švejnar	138	49.82	Runner-up	135	48.74	Runner-up	113	44.84	Lost
	128		49.10	Runner-up	141	47.19	Runner-up	111	44.05	Lost

Direct election	Candidate		First round result			Second round result
			Votes	%	Result	Votes	%	Result
2013		Jiří Dienstbier Jr.	829,297	16.12	4th	Supported Miloš Zeman
2018	No candidate
2023		Josef Středula	withdrawn

European Parliament elections

Election	List leader	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	EP Group
2004	Libor Rouček	204,903	8.78 (#5)	2 / 25	New	PES
2009	Jiří Havel	528,132	22.39 (#2)	7 / 22	5	S&D
2014	Jan Keller	214,800	14.17 (#3)	4 / 21	3
2019	Pavel Poc	93,664	3.95 (#8)	0 / 21	4	−
2024	Lubomír Zaorálek	55,260	1.86 (#9)	0 / 21	0

Regional elections

Election	Votes	%	Councillors
2000	344,441	14.67	112 / 675
2004	297,083	14.03	105 / 675
2008	1,044,719	35.86	280 / 675
2012	621,961	23.58	205 / 675
2016	386,150	15.25	125 / 675
2020	185,714	6.71	37 / 675

Local elections

Election	%	Councillors
1994	8.7	1,628
1998	17.54	4,259
2002	15.57	4,664
2006	16.61	4,331
2010	19.68	4,584
2014	12.65	3,773
2018	5.17	1,882
2022	2.49	799

Prague municipal elections

Year	Leader	Vote	%	Seats	+/−	Place	Position
1990		484,484	5.6	5 / 76		4th	Opposition
1994	Jiří Paroubek	2,435,279	8.6	5 / 55		4th	Opposition
1998	Jiří Paroubek	363,917	17.5	10 / 55	5	3rd	Coalition
2002	Jiří Paroubek	656,936	14.7	12 / 70	2	3rd	Coalition
2006	Petra Buzková	4,197,631	15.9	12 / 70		2nd	Opposition
2010	Jiří Dienstbier Jr.	615,209	17.9	19 / 65	7	2nd	Coalition
2014	Miloslav Ludvík	2,160,963	10.4	8 / 65	11	5th	Coalition
2018	Jakub Landovský	727,826	2.9	0 / 65	8	8th	No seats

Chairmen

Former leader Jan Hamáček

Former party leader Milos Zeman, the president of the Czech Republic

Czechoslovak Social Democratic Party in Austria

• Josef Boleslav Pecka (1878–1893)
• Josef Hybeš (1887–1893)

Czechoslavonic Social Democratic Workers' Party

• Josef Steiner (1893–1904)
• Antonín Němec (1904–1915)
• Bohumír Šmeral (1916–1917)

Czechoslovak Social Democratic Workers' Party

• Antonín Němec (1917–1925)
• Antonín Hampl (1925–1938)

Czechoslovak Social Democracy

• Zdeněk Fierlinger (1945–1947)
• Bohumil Laušman (1947–1948)

Czechoslovak Social Democracy in-exile

• Blažej Vilím (1948)
• Václav Majer (1948–1972)
• Vilém Bernard (1972–1989)
• Karel Hrubý

Czechoslovak Social Democracy

• Slavomír Klaban (1989–1990)
• Jiří Horák (1990–1993)

Czech Social Democratic Party

• Miloš Zeman (28 February 1993 – April 2001)
• Vladimír Špidla (April 2001 – 26 July 2004)
• Stanislav Gross (26 July 2004 – 26 April 2005)
  • Bohuslav Sobotka (2005–2006; acting)
• Jiří Paroubek (2006–2010)
• Bohuslav Sobotka (2011–2017)
  • Milan Chovanec (2017-2018; acting)
• Jan Hamáček (2018–2021)
  • Roman Onderka (2021; acting)
• Michal Šmarda (since 2021)

See also

• Bohumil Laušman
• Elections in the Czech Republic
• Politics of the Czech Republic

Notes

References

1. https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/domaci-prozil-jsem-velke-zklamani-smarda-po-volebnim-debaklu-socdem-svolal-sjezd-ktery-zvoli-nove-vedeni-40476309 Prožil jsem velké zklamání. Šmarda po debaklu SOCDEM svolal sjezd, který zvolí nové vedení
2. "Vládní strany ztrácí členy. Prim hrají fígle marketingových mágů, míní politologové". 7 April 2024.
3. "European Election Watch Czech Republic". Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 4 January 2022.
4. Paul G. Lewis (2000). Political Parties in Post-Communist Eastern Europe. Routledge. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-415-20182-7.
5. Dimitri Almeida (2012). The Impact of European Integration on Political Parties: Beyond the Permissive Consensus. CRC Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-136-34039-0.
6. Nordsieck, Wolfram (October 2021). "Czechia". Parties and Elections in Europe. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
7. "Czech centre-left party approves joining coalition, new government close". Reuters. Retrieved 2 June 2018.
8. "Hamáček dostal důvěru. ČSSD má teď být levicovým rebelem ve vládě". 20 October 2018.
9. Merle, Jean-Christophe (2012). Die Legitimität von supranationalen Institutionen der EU Die Debatte in den neuen und alten Mitgliedstaaten Reihe. Lit Verlag. p. 255. ISBN 978-3-643-11207-1.
10. "Masarykova demokratická akademie". ČSSD. Retrieved 2 June 2015.
11. "Končím, prohlásil Hamáček po propadu ČSSD ve volbách". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 9 October 2021. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
12. "Šéf ČSSD Paroubek po volbách rezignoval. Prohráli obyčejní lidé, řekl". iDNES.cz (in Czech). 29 May 2010. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
13. Leos Rousek (11 December 2013). "Czechs Clear Way for Three-Party Coalition Government". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
14. "Novým premiérem byl jmenován předseda ČSSD Bohuslav Sobotka". vlada.cz (in Czech). 17 January 2014. Retrieved 10 October 2021.
15. "Eurovolby jsou pro ČSSD debaklem, potvrdili politologové". Globe24.cz. Czech News Agency. 27 May 2019.
16. "Czech Senate and regional elections 2020: Bitter victory for the Prime Minister, dominance of the opposition in the Senate". Heinrich Böll Stiftung.
17. Kouba, Karel; Lysek, Jakub (2021). "The 2020 Czech regional elections: A story of a winner that lost". Regional & Federal Studies. 32 (4): 485–497. doi:10.1080/13597566.2021.1948839. S2CID 237827332.
18. Kowalski, Werner. Geschichte der sozialistischen Arbeiter-Internationale: 1923 – 1938, Berlin: Dt. Verl. d. Wissenschaften, 1985. p. 327.
19. Gargulák, Karel (2011). "Členská základna. Česká strana sociálně demokratická" (PDF). IS Muni (in Czech). Retrieved 31 October 2021.
20. "Masarykova demokratická akademie – Zpráva o činnosti československé sociální demokracie strany dělnické v letech 1933-1936 vydaná k XVIII. řádnému sjezdu v Praze ve dnech 15. Až 17. Května 1937".
21. "Masarykova demokratická akademie – Protokol XI. řádného sjezdu českoslovanské sociálně-demokratické strany dělnické kon. Ve dnech 7., 8. A 9. Prosince 1913 (1913)".
22. "ODS ztratila tři tisíce členů, Babiš láká více než Peake". 6 May 2013.
23. "Počet členů ANO strmě roste, Okamurův Úsvit zamrzl na devíti členech". 11 April 2014.
24. "ČSSD nevzkvétá. Jen letos odešlo dalších 2 500 členů". Seznam Zprávy. 25 July 2019.
25. "ČSSD vysychá tradiční zdroj. Přišla o miliony od členů, kteří ji opustili". Seznam Zprávy. 8 April 2020.
26. "Během posledního roku přišla sociální demokracie o 2000 členů. Novým hnutím naopak lidé přibývají". iROZHLAS. 30 December 2020.
27. "Členská základna ODS je větší než ČSSD, z mladých uskupení nejvíce roste SPD". ČT24.
28. "Politické strany na vymření. Mizí jim straníci, nejvíce těm z levice". iDNES.cz. 27 July 2021.
29. "Během posledního roku přišla sociální demokracie o 2000 členů. Novým hnutím naopak lidé přibývají". iROZHLAS (in Czech). 30 December 2020. Retrieved 29 March 2021.

External links

• Official website (in Czech)
  • Religious wing website
  • Women wing website
• Party basic data in English