Diabetes and deafness
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Diabetes and deafness (DAD) or maternally inherited diabetes and deafness (MIDD) or mitochondrial diabetes is a subtype of diabetes which is caused from a mutation in mitochondrial DNA, which consists of a circular genome. It is associated with the genes MT-TL1, MT-TE, and MT-TK.[1] The point mutation at position 3243A>G, in gene MT-TL1 encoding tRNA leucine 1, is most common.[1][2][3] Because mitochondrial DNA is contributed to the embryo by the oocyte and not by spermatozoa, this disease is inherited from maternal family members only.[2] As indicated by the name, MIDD is characterized by diabetes and sensorineural hearing loss.[2] Some individuals also experience more systemic symptoms including eye, muscle, brain, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal abnormalities, similar to other mitochondrial diseases.[4][5][6]
Diabetes and deafness (DAD) | |
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Other names | Diabetes mellitus and deafness, maternally inherited, (MIDD); Ballinger-Wallace syndrome; Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus type II with deafness |
This condition is inherited via a mitochondrial inheritance manner | |
Symptoms | Noninsulin-dependent diabetes, deafness, may also have systemic symptoms including eye, muscle, brain, kidney, heart, and gastrointestinal abnormalities, rarely endocrine abnormalities and osteoporosis |
Causes | Mutation in either MT-TL1, MT-TE, or MT-TK |
Differential diagnosis | Mitochondrial disease |