Electricity sector in India
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India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world.[8] During the fiscal year (FY) 2022–23, the total electricity generation in the country was 1,844 TWh, of which 1,618 TWh was generated by utilities.[5]
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|
Data | |
---|---|
Electricity coverage | 99.94% (31 March 2019)[1] |
Installed capacity | 416,059 MW[2] |
Production (FY2022) | 1719.442 TWh[3] |
GHG emissions from electricity generation (2018) | 2,309.98 Mt of CO2[4] |
Average electricity use (FY2023) | 1,327 kWh per capita[5] |
Transmission & Distribution losses (FY2022) | 15%[3] |
Consumption by sector (% of total) | |
Residential | 25.77%[3] (FY2022) |
Industrial | 41.16%[3] (FY2022) |
Agriculture | 17.67%[3] (FY2022) |
Commercial | 8.29%[3] (FY2022) |
Traction | 1.53%[3] (FY2022) |
Tariffs and financing | |
Average residential tariff (US$/kW·h, Dec. 2020) | ₹5.75 (7.2¢ US)[6] |
Average commercial tariff (US$/kW·h, Dec. 2020) | ₹8.64 (11¢ US)[6] |
Services | |
Share of private sector in generation | 33.46% (FY2020)[7] |
Institutions | |
Responsibility for policy-setting | Ministry of Power |
Responsibility for renewable energy | Ministry of New and Renewable Energy |
Responsibility for the environment | Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change |
Electricity sector law | Electricity Act, 2003 |
The gross electricity consumption per capita in FY2023 was 1,327 kWh.[5] In FY2015, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%) worldwide.[7] The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries despite India having a low electricity tariff.[9]
The Indian national electric grid has an installed capacity of 416.0 GW as of 31 March 2023.[2] Renewable energy plants, which also include large hydroelectric power plants, constitute 40.7% of the total installed capacity.
In 2021, India's electricity generation was heavily reliant on coal, which constituted 71.5% of the total output. Natural gas contributed 3.8%, nuclear energy 2.9%, and oil 0.3%. Renewable energy sources collectively accounted for 21.5% of the generation, with hydroelectric power at 9.9%, wind power at 4.7%, solar photovoltaic (PV) at 4.6%, biofuels at 2.1%, and waste at 0.2%.[10][11][12]
The government declared its efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. Under the government's 2023-2027 National Electricity Plan, India will not build any new fossil fuel power plants in the utility sector, aside from those currently under construction.[13][14] It is expected that non-fossil fuel generation contribution is likely to reach around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by 2029–30.[15]