Euler's criterion
In number theory concerning primes / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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In number theory, Euler's criterion is a formula for determining whether an integer is a quadratic residue modulo a prime. Precisely,
Let p be an odd prime and a be an integer coprime to p. Then[1][2][3]
Euler's criterion can be concisely reformulated using the Legendre symbol:[4]
The criterion dates from a 1748 paper by Leonhard Euler.[5][6]