Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia

The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia[2] (Ukrainian: Галицько-Волинське князівство, romanized: Halytsko-Volynske kniazivstvo; Latin: Regnum Galiciae et Lodomeriæ), historically known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia (Old East Slavic: Королєвство Русь, romanized: Korolevstvo Rusĭ; Ukrainian: Королівство Русь, romanized: Korolivstvo Rus; Latin: Regnum Russiæ),[3] was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349. Its territory was predominantly located in modern-day Ukraine, with parts in Belarus, Poland, Moldova, and Lithuania. Along with Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal, it was one of the three most important powers to emerge from the collapse of Kievan Rus'. The main language was Old East Slavic, the predecessor of the modern East Slavic languages, and the official religion was Eastern Orthodoxy.

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Principality of Galicia–Volhynia (1199–1253) Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia (1253–1349/1392) Old East Slavic: Королєвство Русь
1199–1349/1392
Royal Banner Coat of arms
Map of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia in the 13th/14th century.
Status	Vassal state of the Golden Horde (from 1246)
Capital	Volodymyr Halych Kholm (Chełm) (1241–1272) Lviv (from 1272)
Common languages	Old East Slavic
Religion	Eastern Orthodoxy[1]
Government	Monarchy
Prince, later King
• 1199–1205	Roman the Great
• 1211–1264	Daniel of Galicia
• 1293–1301	Lev I of Galicia
• 1301–1308	Yuri I of Galicia
• 1308–1323	Andrew of Galicia and Lev II of Galicia
• 1323–1340	Yuri II
• 1340–1383	Demetrius of Liubar
• 1383–1392	Theodore of Volhynia
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Principality	1199
• Kingdom	1253
• Loss of Halych to Poland	1349
• Volhynia falls to Lithuania	1392
Preceded by Succeeded by Principality of Halych Principality of Volhynia Ruthenian Voivodeship Volhynian Voivodeship

Roman the Great united the principalities of Halych and Volhynia at the turn of the 13th century. Following the destruction wreaked by the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (1239 to 1241), Prince Daniel of Galicia and other princes of Rus pledged allegiance to Batu Khan of the Golden Horde in 1246. The Polish conquest of the kingdom in 1349 led to it being fully absorbed by Catholic Poland.[4] Upon annexing it, Polish king Casimir III the Great adopted the title of King of Poland and Ruthenia, and the territory was transformed into the Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus Russiae) in 1434.

Geographically, western Galicia–Volhynia extended between the rivers San and Wieprz in what is now south-eastern Poland, while its eastern territories covered the Pripet Marshes (now in Belarus) and the upper reaches of the Southern Bug river in modern-day Ukraine. During its time, the kingdom was bordered by Black Rus, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the Principality of Turov-Pinsk, the Principality of Kiev, the Golden Horde, the Kingdom of Hungary, the Kingdom of Poland, Moldavia and the Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights.