Harwich (UK Parliament constituency)
Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1801–2010 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Harwich /ˈhærɪtʃ/ was a parliamentary constituency represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom until its abolition for the 2010 general election.
Harwich | |
---|---|
Former County constituency for the House of Commons | |
County | Essex |
1885–2010 | |
Seats | one |
Created from | Harwich (Parliamentary Borough), East Essex |
Replaced by | Clacton, Harwich and North Essex |
1604–1885 | |
Seats | Two to 1868, one from 1868 to 1885 |
Type of constituency | Borough constituency |
Replaced by | Harwich (County constituency) |
The Parliamentary Borough of Harwich had sent two members to the Parliament of England since it was founded in 1604[1] until 1707, then to the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and to the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801. Under the Reform Act of 1867 its representation was reduced to one,[2] and in 1885 the Parliamentary Borough was abolished and replaced with a Division of the County of Essex (later a County Constituency) under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885.[3] For a long period of time it was known as a "Treasury borough" due to the control the Treasury had over its elections.[4]
The constituency was abolished for the 2010 general election by the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, being succeeded by the new constituency of Clacton and part of the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.
1885–1918
- The Municipal Borough of Harwich; and
- Parts of the Sessional Divisions of Lexden and Winstree.
Non-resident freeholders of the Parliamentary Borough of Colchester, which constituted the Municipal Borough thereof, were also entitled to vote.[3]
Formally known as the North Eastern or Harwich Division of Essex, incorporating the abolished Parliamentary Borough of Harwich and extending southwards and westwards to include the towns of Clacton and Brightlingsea and the rural areas surrounding Colchester.
1918–1950
- The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
- The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton-on-Sea, Walton-on-the-Naze, and Wivenhoe; and
- The Rural District of Tendring.[5]
Western, rural areas now included in the new Colchester Division of Essex.
1950–1983
- The Municipal Borough of Harwich;
- The Urban Districts of Brightlingsea, Clacton, Frinton and Walton, and Wivenhoe; and
- The Rural District of Tendring.[5][6]
No changes. (The Urban Districts of Frinton-on-Sea and Walton-on-the-Naze had been merged).
1983–1997
- The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Bradfield Wrabness and Wix, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, Southcliff, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, St Osyth, Tendring and Weeley, and Walton.[7]
Western parts, including Brightlingsea and Wivenhoe, included in the new constituency of North Colchester.
1997–2010
- The District of Tendring wards of Beaumont and Thorpe, Bockings Elm, Frinton, Golf Green, Great and Little Oakley, Harwich East, Harwich East Central, Harwich West, Harwich West Central, Haven, Holland and Kirby, Little Clacton, Ramsey, Rush Green, St Bartholomew's, St James, St John's, St Mary's, Southcliff, and Walton.[8]
A further western slice, including St Osyth, added to the new constituency of North Essex (which had largely succeeded North Colchester).
Following the Boundary Commission's Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, Parliament radically altered some constituencies and created new ones to allow for changes in population. Consequently, the constituency of Harwich was abolished. The majority of the constituency, including Clacton, Frinton and Walton, formed the new constituency of Clacton, and Harwich and surrounding areas were included in the new constituency of Harwich and North Essex.
Constituency founded 1604
1604 to 1660
Parliament | First member | Second member |
---|---|---|
1604 | Richard Browne | Thomas Trevor |
1605 | John Panton | |
1614 | Sir Harbottle Grimston | Sir Robert Mansell |
1614 (Apr) | Sir Charles Montagu | |
1620 | Sir Thomas Cheek | Edward Grimston |
1624 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys |
1625 | Sir Edmund Sawyer | Christopher Herrys |
1626 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys |
1628–1629 | Sir Nathaniel Rich | Christopher Herrys |
1629–1640 | No Parliaments convened | |
1640 (Apr) | Sir Thomas Cheek | Sir John Jacob, 1st Baronet |
1640 (Nov) | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet | Sir Thomas Cheek |
1645 | Sir Harbottle Grimston, 1st Baronet, died replaced 1647 by Harbottle Grimston, 2nd Baronet who was secluded Dec 1648 in Pride's Purge | Sir Thomas Cheek |
1648 | Sir Thomas Cheek | Capel Luckyn |
1653 | Harwich not represented in Barebone's Parliament | |
1654 | Harwich not represented in First Protectorate Parliament | |
1656 | Harwich not represented in Second Protectorate Parliament | |
1659 | John Sicklemore | Thomas King |
1660–1868
1868–2010
Election | Member[9] | Party | |
---|---|---|---|
1868 | Representation reduced to one member | ||
1868 | Henry Jervis-White-Jervis | Conservative | |
1880 | Henry Tyler | Conservative | |
1885 | James Round | Conservative | |
1906 | Arthur Lever | Liberal | |
1910 | Harry Newton | Conservative | |
1922 | Albert Hillary | Liberal | |
1924 | Sir Frederick Rice | Conservative | |
1929 | Sir John Pybus | Liberal | |
1931 | Liberal National | ||
1935 | Sir Stanley Holmes | Liberal National | |
1954 by-election | Julian Ridsdale | National Liberal | |
1968 | Conservative | ||
1992 | Iain Sproat | Conservative | |
1997 | Ivan Henderson | Labour | |
2005 | Douglas Carswell | Conservative | |
2010 | Constituency abolished: see Clacton and Harwich and North Essex |