Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd (Arabic: مملكة الحجاز ونجد, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd), initially the Kingdom of Hejaz and Sultanate of Nejd (Arabic: مملكة الحجاز وسلطنة نجد, Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Salṭanat Najd), was a dual monarchy ruled by Abdulaziz following the victory of the Saudi Sultanate of Nejd over the Hashemite Kingdom of the Hejaz in 1925. It was the fourth iteration of the Third Saudi State.

Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd مملكة الحجاز ونجد (Arabic) Mamlakat al-Ḥijāz wa-Najd
1926–1932
Flag of Nejd and Hejaz Coat of arms
Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd
Status	Dual monarchy of the Hejaz and Nejd
Capital	Mecca (Hejaz) Riyadh (Nejd)
Common languages	Arabic
Religion	Islam (Wahhabism)
Government	Islamic absolute dual monarchy
King
• 1926–1932	Abdulaziz al Saud
Viceroy
• 1926–1932	Faisal (Hejaz)
• 1926–1932	Saud (Nejd)
• 1926–1932	Fahd (Ahsa)
• 1926–1932	Muhammad (Arar)
Legislature	Consultative Assembly
Historical era	Interwar period
• Hejaz conquered by Nejd	19 December 1925
• Abdulaziz crowned King of Hejaz	8 January 1926
• Nejd decreed a kingdom	29 January 1927
• Saudi Arabia established and Annexation of Asir	23 September 1932
Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Hejaz Sultanate of Nejd Idrisid Emirate of Asir Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Today part of	Saudi Arabia

In 1932, the two kingdoms were unified as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

History

On 8 January 1926, Abdulaziz, the Sultan of Nejd, was crowned King of the Hejaz in the Masjid al-Haram in Makkah, and he elevated Nejd to the status of a kingdom on 29 January 1927.^[1] At the Treaty of Jeddah on 20 May 1927, Abdulaziz's realm was recognised by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and was addressed as the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd.

For the next five years, Abdulaziz administered the two parts of his dual kingdom as separate units. On 23 September 1932, Abdulaziz proclaimed the union of the main Saudi dominions of al-Hasa, Qatif, Nejd and the Hejaz as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Foreign policy

The Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd could pursue its expansionist policy with British arms supplies because of its close relations with the United Kingdom. Under King Abdulaziz, the Hejaz withdrew from the League of Nations.

In 1926, the Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd was recognised by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, followed by the United States of America in 1931. By 1932, the United Kingdom, the French Third Republic, the USSR, Turkey, the Imperial State of Iran, Kingdom of Italy and The Netherlands maintained legations in Jeddah; the Kingdom of Egypt maintained unofficial consular representatives.

Rulers of Hejaz and Nejd

King of Hejaz and Nejd (1926–1932)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Abdulaziz عبد العزيز	(1876-11-26)26 November 1876 – 9 November 1953(1953-11-09) (aged 76)	8 January 1926	22 September 1932	Son of Abdul Rahman bin Faisal and Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi	Saud

Viceroy of Hejaz (1926–1932)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Faisal فيصل	(1906-04-14)14 April 1906 – 25 March 1975(1975-03-25) (aged 68)	8 January 1926	22 September 1932	Son of Abdulaziz and Tarfa bint Abdullah Al Sheikh	Saud

Viceroy of Nejd (1926–1932)

Name	Lifespan	Reign start	Reign end	Notes	Family	Image
Saud سعود	(1902-01-15)15 January 1902 – 23 February 1969(1969-02-23) (aged 67)	8 January 1926	22 September 1932	Son of Abdulaziz and Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair	Saud

Notes

1. Joseph Kostiner. (1993). The Making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: From Chieftaincy to Monarchical State. Oxford University Press US, ISBN 0-19-507440-8, p. 104.

Sources

• Statoids - Regions of Saudi Arabia
• World Statesmen - Saudi Arabia

External links

24.6500°N 46.7100°E / 24.6500; 46.7100