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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ministry of War or Military Ministry[1] (兵部省, Hyōbu-shō), sometimes called Tsuwamono no Tsukasa, was a division of the eighth century Japanese government of the Imperial Court in Kyoto,[2] instituted in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. The Ministry was replaced in the Meiji period.
Premodern Japan | |
---|---|
Daijō-daijin | |
Minister of the Left | Sadaijin |
Minister of the Right | Udaijin |
Minister of the Center | Naidaijin |
Major Counselor | Dainagon |
Middle Counselor | Chūnagon |
Minor Counselor | Shōnagon |
Eight Ministries | |
Center | Nakatsukasa-shō |
Ceremonial | Shikibu-shō |
Civil Administration | Jibu-shō |
Popular Affairs | Minbu-shō |
War | Hyōbu-shō |
Justice | Gyōbu-shō |
Treasury | Ōkura-shō |
Imperial Household | Kunai-shō |
The highest-ranking official or head of the military (兵部卿,, Hyōbu-kyō) was ordinarily a son or a close relative of the Emperor. This important court officer was responsible for directing all military matters; and after the beginning in the late 12th century, this military man would have been empowered to work with the shogunate on the emperor's behalf.[3]
The ambit of the Ministry's activities encompasses, for example:
The ministry was established as part of the Taika Reforms and Ritsuryō laws which were initiated in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. After 702, the Hyōbu-shō replaced the Hyōseikan, which was created in 683.[5]
In the Edo period, titles associated with the ministry became ceremonial titles.
In the Meiji period, the hyōbu-shō was reorganized into a modern Ministry of War and Ministry of the Navy.
The Asuka-, Nara- and Heian-period Imperial court hierarchy encompassed a ministry dealing with military affairs.[1]
In the 18th century, the top ritsuryō officials within this ministry structure were:
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