Insulitis
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Insulitis is an inflammation of the islets of Langerhans, a collection of endocrine tissue located in the pancreas that helps regulate glucose levels, and is classified by specific targeting of immune cell (T and B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells) infiltration in the islets of Langerhans.[4][5][6][7] This immune cell infiltration can result in the destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the islets, which plays a major role in the pathogenesis, the disease development, of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Insulitis is present in 19% of individuals with type 1 diabetes and 28% of individuals with type 2 diabetes.[1][8][9] It is known that genetic and environmental factors contribute to insulitis initiation, however, the exact process that causes it is unknown.[10] Insulitis is often studied using the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes. The chemokine family of proteins may play a key role in promoting leukocytic infiltration into the pancreas prior to pancreatic beta-cell destruction.[11]
Insulitis | |
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A histological image of an inflammatory infiltration of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas | |
Pronunciation | |
Specialty | Endocrinology |
Complications | Can lead to loss of beta cell function and can lead to type 1 diabetes[1] |
Causes | Immune cell infiltration in islets of langerhans[2] |
Management | islet cell transplantation[3] |
Frequency | Found in 19% of people with T1D and 28% of people with T2D[2] |