Ipilimumab
Pharmaceutical drug / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Ipilimumab, sold under the brand name Yervoy, is a monoclonal antibody medication that works to activate the immune system by targeting CTLA-4, a protein receptor that downregulates the immune system.
Monoclonal antibody | |
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Type | Whole antibody |
Source | Human |
Target | CTLA-4 |
Clinical data | |
Pronunciation | i pi lim′ ue mab |
Trade names | Yervoy |
Other names | BMS-734016,[1] MDX-010,[2] MDX-101 |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a611023 |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous (IV) |
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Formula | C6742H9972N1732O2004S40 |
Molar mass | 148634.46 g·mol−1 |
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Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can recognize and destroy cancer cells. However, an inhibitory mechanism interrupts this destruction.[7] Ipilimumab turns off this inhibitory mechanism and boosts the body's immune response against cancer cells.[7][8]
Ipilimumab was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2011, for the treatment of melanoma, renal cell carcinoma (RCC), colorectal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), malignant pleural mesothelioma, esophageal cancer.[9][10][11][12] It is undergoing[when?] clinical trials for the treatment of bladder cancer[13] and metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer.[14]
The concept of using anti-CTLA4 antibodies to treat cancer was first developed by James P. Allison while he was director of the Cancer Research Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley.[15][16] Clinical development of anti-CTLA4 was initiated by Medarex, which was later acquired by Bristol-Myers Squibb. For his work in developing ipilimumab, Allison was awarded the Lasker Award in 2015.[17] Allison later was the co-winner of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.[18]