Irinotecan
Cancer medication / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Irinotecan, sold under the brand name Camptosar among others, is an anti-cancer medication used to treat colon cancer and small cell lung cancer.[8] For colon cancer it is used either alone or with fluorouracil.[8] For small cell lung cancer it is used with cisplatin.[8] It is given intravenously.[8]
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Trade names | Camptosar, Campto, Onivyde, others |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
MedlinePlus | a608043 |
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Routes of administration | Intravenous |
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Bioavailability | NA |
Metabolism | Liver glucuronidation |
Elimination half-life | 6 to 12 hours |
Excretion | Bile duct and kidney |
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ECHA InfoCard | 100.219.260 |
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Formula | C33H38N4O6 |
Molar mass | 586.689 g·mol−1 |
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Common side effects include diarrhea, vomiting, bone marrow suppression, hair loss, shortness of breath, and fever.[8] Other severe side effects include blood clots, colon inflammation, and allergic reactions.[8] Those with two copies of the UGT1A1*28 gene variant are at higher risk for side effects.[8] Use during pregnancy can result in harm to the baby.[8] Irinotecan is a topoisomerase inhibitor[9]—it blocks the topoisomerase I enzyme, resulting in DNA damage and cell death.[8]
Irinotecan was approved for medical use in the United States in 1996.[8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[10] It is made from the natural compound camptothecin which is found in the Chinese ornamental tree Camptotheca acuminata.[8][11]