Iron(II,III) oxide
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Iron(II,III) oxide, or black iron oxide, is the chemical compound with formula Fe3O4. It occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite. It is one of a number of iron oxides, the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3) which also occurs naturally as the mineral hematite. It contains both Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions and is sometimes formulated as FeO ∙ Fe2O3. This iron oxide is encountered in the laboratory as a black powder. It exhibits permanent magnetism and is ferrimagnetic, but is sometimes incorrectly described as ferromagnetic.[4] Its most extensive use is as a black pigment (see: Mars Black). For this purpose, it is synthesized rather than being extracted from the naturally occurring mineral as the particle size and shape can be varied by the method of production.[5]
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| Names | |
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| IUPAC name
iron(II) iron(III) oxide | |
| Other names
ferrous ferric oxide, ferrosoferric oxide, iron(II,III) oxide, magnetite, black iron oxide, lodestone, rust, iron(II) diiron(III) oxide | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.013.889  |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| Fe3O4 FeO.Fe2O3 | |
| Molar mass | 231.533 g/mol |
| Appearance | solid black powder |
| Density | 5 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 1,597 °C (2,907 °F; 1,870 K) |
| Boiling point | 2,623[1] °C (4,753 °F; 2,896 K) |
Refractive index (nD) |
2.42[2] |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-1120.89 kJ·mol−1[3] |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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