Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad
Jordanian/Iraqi Salafi jihadist militant group (1999–2004) / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Arabic: جماعة التوحيد والجهاد, lit. 'Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad'), abbreviated as JTJ or Jama'at, was a Salafi jihadist militant group.[14] It was founded in Jordan in 1999, and was led by Jordanian national Abu Musab al-Zarqawi for the entirety of its existence. During the Iraqi insurgency (2003–11), the group became a decentralized network with foreign fighters[15] with a considerable Iraqi membership.[9][1]
Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad (Congregation of Monotheism and Jihad) | |
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جماعة التوحيد والجهاد | |
Founder | Abu Musab al-Zarqawi † |
Leaders | Abu Musab al-Zarqawi † Abu Anas al-Shami † Omar Husayn Hadid al-Muhammadi † |
Dates of operation | 1999[1]–17 October 2004[2] |
Headquarters | Fallujah |
Active regions | Iraq, limited in Jordan |
Ideology | |
Allies | Ansar al-Islam (associate)[9][10] Islamic Army of Iraq (sometimes) Ansar al-Sunnah (sometimes) Jaish al-Rashideen (sometimes) Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance (sometimes) Jeish Muhammad (sometimes) |
Opponents | Multi-National Force – Iraq Coalition Provisional Authority United States Jordan Iran Turkey Japan[11] United Nations |
Battles and wars | Iraqi insurgency |
Designated as a terrorist group by | Kyrgyzstan[12] Malaysia[13] |
On 17 October 2004, al-Zarqawi pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden's al-Qaeda network, and the group became known as Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad al-Rafidayn (commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq or Tanzim).[2][16] After several mergers with other groups and the formation of the Mujahideen Shura Council, it changed its name several times until it called itself Islamic State of Iraq (ISI) in 2006.