Johannes Gutenberg
15th-century German inventor and craftsman / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg (German pronunciation: [joˈhanəs ˈɡɛnsflaɪ̯ʃ t͜sʊʁ ˈlaːdn̩ t͜sʊm ˈɡuːtn̩bɛʁk]; English: /ˈɡuːtənbɜːrɡ/; c. 1393–1406 – 3 February 1468) was a German inventor and craftsman who introduced letterpress printing to Europe with his movable-type printing press. Though not the first of its kind, earlier designs were restricted to East Asia, and Gutenberg's version was the first to spread across the world.[2] His work led to an information revolution and the unprecedented mass-spread of literature throughout Europe. It also had a direct impact on the development of the Renaissance, Reformation and humanist movement, as all of which have been described as "unthinkable" without Gutenberg´s invention.[3]
Johannes Gutenberg | |
|---|---|
 Posthumous portrait of Gutenberg. No contemporary depictions survive.[1] | |
| Born | Johannes Gensfleisch zur Laden zum Gutenberg c. 1393–1406 |
| Died | 3 February 1468 Mainz |
| Occupations | |
| Known for | Introduced the movable-type printing press to Europe |
His many contributions to printing include the invention of a process for mass-producing movable type; the use of oil-based ink for printing books;[4] adjustable molds;[5] mechanical movable type; and the use of a wooden printing press similar to the agricultural screw presses of the period.[6] Gutenberg's method for making type is traditionally considered to have included a type metal alloy and a hand mould for casting type. The alloy was a mixture of lead, tin, and antimony that melted at a relatively low temperature for faster and more economical casting, cast well, and created a durable type.[7] His major work, the Gutenberg Bible, was the first printed version of the Bible and has been acclaimed for its high aesthetic and technical quality.
Described as the "man of the millennium", Gutenberg is often cited as among the most influential figures in human history. He has been commemorated around the world and is a frequent namesake. To celebrate the 400th anniversary of his death in 1900, the Gutenberg Museum was founded in his hometown of Mainz.