Proprioception

Sense of self-movement, force, and body position / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Proprioception (/ˌproʊpri.oʊˈsɛpʃən, -ə-/[1][2] PROH-pree-oh-SEP-shən, -⁠ə-), also called kinaesthesia (or kinesthesia), is the sense of self-movement, force, and body position.[3][4] It is sometimes described as the "sixth sense".[5]

Proprioception_image-01.jpg
Schematics and images of limb proprioceptors in mammals (top) and insects (bottom)[clarification needed]

Proprioception is mediated by proprioceptors, mechanosensory neurons located within muscles, tendons, and joints.[3] Most animals possess multiple subtypes of proprioceptors, which detect distinct kinematic parameters, such as joint position, movement, and load. Although all mobile animals possess proprioceptors, the structure of the sensory organs can vary across species.

Proprioceptive signals are transmitted to the central nervous system, where they are integrated with information from other sensory systems, such as the visual system and the vestibular system, to create an overall representation of body position, movement, and acceleration. In many animals, sensory feedback from proprioceptors is essential for stabilizing body posture and coordinating body movement.