Kura–Araxes culture
Archaeological culture from the Caucasus region / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Kura–Araxes culture, also named Kur–Araz culture, Mtkvar-Araxes culture or the Early Transcaucasian culture was a civilization that existed from about 4000 BC until about 2000 BC,[1] which has traditionally been regarded as the date of its end; in some locations it may have disappeared as early as 2600 or 2700 BC.[2] The earliest evidence for this culture is found on the Ararat plain; it spread north in the Caucasus by 3000 BC.[3]
| Geographical range | South Caucasus, Armenian Highlands, North Caucasus |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age |
| Dates | circa 3,400 B.C.E. — circa 2,000 B.C.E. |
| Major sites | Shengavit |
| Preceded by | Shulaveri-Shomu culture |
| Followed by | Trialeti-Vanadzor culture |
| History of Georgia |
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| History of Armenia |
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| Timeline • Origins • Etymology |
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| History of Iran |
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Altogether, the early Transcaucasian culture enveloped a vast area approximately 1,000 km by 500 km,[4] and mostly encompassed the modern-day territories of the South Caucasus (except western Georgia), northwestern Iran, the northeastern Caucasus, eastern Turkey, and as far as Syria.[5][6]
The name of the culture is derived from the Kura and Araxes river valleys. Kura–Araxes culture is sometimes known as Shengavitian, Karaz (Erzurum), Pulur, and Yanik Tepe (Iranian Azerbaijan, near Lake Urmia) cultures.[7] It gave rise to the Khirbet Kerak-ware culture found in the Levant and Trialeti-Vanadzor culture of the South Caucasus and Armenian Highlands.