Lemkos
East Slavic ethnic group / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Lemkos (Rusyn: Лeмкы, romanized: Lemkŷ; Polish: Łemkowie; Ukrainian: Лемки, romanized: Lemky) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Lemko Region (Rusyn: Лемковина, romanized: Lemkovyna; Ukrainian: Лемківщина, romanized: Lemkivshchyna) of Carpathian Rus', an ethnographic region in the Carpathian Mountains and foothills spanning Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland.
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|
Total population | |
---|---|
75,228 | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Slovakia | 63,556 (2021)[lower-alpha 1][2] |
Poland | 11,000 (2011)[3] |
Ukraine | 672 (2001)[4] |
Languages | |
Rusyn, Slovak, Polish, Ukrainian | |
Religion | |
Predominantly Ukrainian Greek Catholic or Eastern Orthodox, with Roman Catholic minorities | |
Related ethnic groups | |
Ukrainians, Boykos, Hutsuls, Rusyns |
Lemkos are considered to be a sub-group of Ukrainians. Members of these groups have historically also been given other designations such as Verkhovyntsi (Highlanders).[citation needed] Among people of the Carpathian highlands, communities speaking the same dialect will identify with a different ethnic label when crossing borders due to the influence of state-sponsored education and media. As well the same community may switch its preferred identification over time.[citation needed] In Slovakia between the 1991 and 2001 censuses, the number of people identifying as "Ukrainian" declined by 2,467 people (an 18.6% decrease) while those reporting Rusyn as their national identity increased by 7,004 people (a 40.6% increase). It is not clear however, if this refers to the same individuals switching their identification, more young first-time respondents choosing Rusyn, or migration.[5]
The spoken language of the Lemkos, which has a code of rue under ISO 639-3, has been variously described as a language in its own right, a dialect of Rusyn or a dialect of Ukrainian.[citation needed] In Ukraine, almost all Lemkos speak both Lemko and standard Ukrainian (according to the 2001 Ukrainian Census).[4] Ukraine itself categorizes Lemkos as an ethnic subgroup of Ukrainians and not as a separate ethnicity.[6] In the Polish Census of 2011, 11,000 people declared Lemko nationality, of whom 6,000 declared only Lemko nationality, 4,000 declared double national identity – Lemko-Polish, and 1,000 declared Lemko identity together with a non-Polish identity.[3]