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List of Brick Gothic buildings

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List of Brick Gothic buildings
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The term Brick Gothic is used for what more specifically is called Baltic Brick Gothic or North German Brick Gothic. That part of Gothic architecture, widespread in Northern Germany, Denmark, Poland and the Baltic states, is commonly identified with the sphere of influence of the Hanseatic League. But there is a continuous mega-region of Gothic brick architecture, or Brick Gothic in a sense based on the facts, from the Strait of Dover to Finland and Lake Peipus and to the Sub-Carpathian region of southeastern Poland and southwestern Ukraine.

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Copernicus' House in Toruń, Poland
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"House of the three Lepards" in Arras, northern France

Out of northern Germany and the Baltic region, the term Brick Gothic is adequately applied as well.[1][2][3]

The region around the Baltic Sea, including Northern Germany, has some typical characteristics, but there are also regional and social differences, such as between the churches of medieval big cities and those of the neighbouring villages. On the other hand, a significant number of Gothic brick buildings erected near the Baltic Sea could also have been built in the Netherlands or in Flanders, and vice versa.

Furthermore, Gothic brick structures have also been erected in other regions, such as northern Italy, southwestern and central France, and in the Danubian area of southern Germany. The particular architectural styles of some regions differ very much from the others, these are Italian Gothic (with Lombard Gothic, Venetian Gothic and Tuscan Gothic), French Gothique Méridional. Quite late began the medieval use of brick in England, with the Tudor Style.

The true extent of northern Brick Gothic and other Gothic brick architecture is shown by this almost complete list.

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This list will never be complete. But it aims to be almost complete to give an unbiased survey as well on the variance as on the geography of Gothic brick buildings.

The dates given here refer to the present extant Gothic structures. Predecessors or post-Gothic alterations are not normally mentioned, but can be assessed by following up the literature. The most influential structures are indicated by bold print. Romanesque and Renaissance structures are not listed. Gothic Brick structures from outside the Baltic or North German regions, e.g. the Danubian ones, are also included, while Neogothic edifices are not listed.

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Belarus

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Belgium

Public database links:

  • IBE = Inventaris Bouwkundig Erfgoed (Inventory of Architectural Heritage)

Most of the Gothic brick architecture in Belgium can be found in West Flanders, some in a narrow strip along the border with the Netherlands. Many Gothic brick churches in the province of Limburg have been lost in the 19th century, as they were displaced by Gothic Revival churches.

Provinces of Belgium : West Flanders East Flanders Prov. of Antwerp Limburg (BE) Flemish & Walloon Brabant, Brussels

West Flanders

Bruges (Brugge) Damme Poperinge Veurne
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West Flanders ⬆ : Bruges (Brugge) Damme Poperinge Veurne
Provinces of Belgium : West Flanders East Flanders Prov. of Antwerp Limburg (BE) Flemish & Walloon Brabant, Brussels

East Flanders

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Provinces of Belgium : West Flanders East Flanders Prov. of Antwerp Limburg (BE) Flemish & Walloon Brabant, Brussels

Province of Antwerp

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Limburg

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Provinces of Belgium : West Flanders East Flanders Prov. of Antwerp Limburg (BE) Hainaut Flemish & Walloon Brabant, Brussels

Hainaut

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Flemish Brabant, Walloon Brabant & Brussels

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Provinces of Belgium ⬆ : West Flanders East Flanders Prov. of Antwerp Limburg (BE) Hainaut Flemish & Walloon Brabant, Brussels
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Czech Republic

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Denmark

Background informations:

  • NM-DK = Digitized pages, available on the websites of the National Museum, of the compendium of Danmarks Kirker ("Churches of Denmark"). It has been published since 1927, but the digitized pages mostly are of editions of the 1990s. On the linked subpage, you have to cklick for a PDF with the title "... Kirke". The description you load down begins with some history. After that, the churchyard is described and after the churchyard, mostly beginning with the headline "BYGNING", the church building itself. In this list, sometimes simply is written "PDF", sometimes an identification of the volume and the number "BYGNING"-page.
  • Trap = Statistik-Topographisk Beskrivelse af Kongeriket Danmark (Statistical-Topographical Description of the Kingdom of Denmark, initiated by Jens Peter Trap and continued by H. Weitemeyer, V. Falbe-Hansen & H. Westergaard. The 1st edition 1856–1860, 2nd edition 1872–1879 & 3rd edition 1898–1906 are available on Runeberg[66] edition of Nordic literature. As a non-commercial volunteer project providing original texts, it can be considered equivalent to Wikisource.
Denmark: North Jutland Mid Jutland South Jutland Funen Zealand Lolland & Falster

North Jutland

– Danish "Region Nordjylland" –

Jutland : Aalborg Brønderslev Kom. Frederikshavn Kom. Hjørring + Kom. Jammerbugt Kom. Mariager + Kom. Mors Island Thisted + Kom. Vesthimmerlands Kom. Ribe/Esbjerg Kom. Viborg
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North Jutland ⬆ : Aalborg Brønderslev Kom. Frederikshavn Kom. Hjørring + Kom. Jammerbugt Kom. Mariager + Kom. Mors Island Thisted + Kom. Vesthimmerlands Kom.
Denmark: North Jutland Mid Jutland South Jutland Funen Zealand Lolland & Falster

Mid Jutland

– Danish "Region Midtjylland" –

Middle + South Jutland : Aarhus Horsens Viborg RandersRibe/Esbjerg Kom.
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North + Mid Jutland ⬆ : Aalborg Brønderslev Kom. Frederikshavn Kom. Hjørring Jammerbugt Kom. Mariager Mors Island Thisted Vesthimmerlands Kom. Aarhus Horsens Randers Viborg Ribe/Esbjerg Kom.
Denmark: North Jutland Mid Jutland South Jutland Funen Zealand Lolland & Falster

South Jutland

– Jutland part of Danish Region "Region Syddanmark";
that is much more than traditional "Sønderjylland" –

Ribe/Esbjerg Kom.
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Jutland ⬆ : Aalborg Brønderslev Kom. Frederikshavn Kom. Hjørring + Kom. Jammerbugt Kom. Mariager + Kom. Mors Island Thisted + Kom. Vesthimmerlands Kom. Aarhus Horsens Randers Viborg Ribe/Esbjerg Kom.
Denmark: North Jutland Mid Jutland South Jutland Funen Zealand Lolland & Falster

Funen

and adjacent islands

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Denmark: North Jutland Mid Jutland South Jutland Funen Zealand Lolland & Falster

Zealand

and adjacent islands

Faxe Helsingør Møn Næstved Odsherred Kom. Roskilde Stevns Kom.
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Zealand ⬆ : Faxe Helsingør Møn Næstved Odsherred Kom. Roskilde Stevns Kom.
Denmark: North Jutland Mid Jutland South Jutland Funen Zealand Lolland & Falster

Lolland and Falster

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England

In England, the use of bricks for pretentious buildings began later than in continental Europe. And the collective of Gothic brick buildings differs, almost no religious buildings and very few urban ones.

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Estonia

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Finland

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France

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Hauts-de-France with French Flanders

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Alsace

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Central France, south and west of Orléans

In the Loir-et-Cher department, there is a small group of Gothic brick buildings. One of them even is among the most famous buildings of France, though not for its bricks.

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(Ducal) Burgundy and Franche Comté region

In Middle Ages, the same rulers were Dukes of Burgundy as French vassals and Counts of Burgundy as vassals of the Holy Roman Empire.

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Forez

– Between Burgundy and Languedoc –

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Southern France around Toulouse

Toulouse Albi Pamiers
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(*) "Our-Lady's-Assumption Church" = Église Notre-Dame-de-l'Assomption

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Germany

See List of Gothic brick buildings in Germany

Hungary

– In Hungary, there is much more hidden than visible medieval brick. During the 145 years of Ottoman occupation, many churches fell in ruins. At about 1700 they were restored, inclusively of plastering, which need not necessary have existed before. In ruins of the Turkish wars and of World War II, brick can be visible, though these buildings had been plastered in their time of function. –

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Italy

Regions of Italy:  ABR EM-RO FRI LIG LOM MAR PIE TUS VEN

Abruzzo

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Emilia-Romagna

Bologna Imola Parma Piacenza Rimini
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 : Bologna Imola Parma Piacenza Rimini
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Liguria

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Regions of Italy:  ABR EM-RO LIG LOM MAR PIE TUS VEN

Lombardy

Cremona Lodi Mantua (Mantova) Milan(o) Monza Pavia
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 : Cremona Lodi Mantua (Mantova) Milan(o) Monza Pavia
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Marche

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Piedmont

Asti Carmagnola Mondovì Torino Vercelli
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 : Asti Carmagnola Mondovì Torino Vercelli
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Tuscany

Montepulciano Pisa Prato San Gimigniano Siena
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 : Montepulciano Pisa Prato San Gimigniano Siena
Regions of Italy:  ABR EM-RO LIG LOM MAR PIE TUS VEN

Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Lendinara Treviso Venice (Venezia) Verona
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 : Lendinara Treviso Venice (Venezia) Verona
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Latvia

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Lithuania

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Netherlands

See List of Gothic brick buildings in the Netherlands

Poland

See List of Gothic brick buildings in Poland

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Russia

Historical Russia

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Kaliningrad exclave

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Slovakia

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Sweden

Until 1658, Malmö, Lund and Helsingborg were Danish.

Lund Malmö Stockholm Uppsala Ystad
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Switzerland

Though brick generally is not typical for medieval Swiss architecture, there are also some Gothic brick buildings in Switzerland, and some more have disappeared.

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Ukraine

Except of Lutsk Castle, all buildings are not very far from the current Polish border, though Gothic buildings also can be found in Lviv and Stryi, some of them looking like plastered brick buildings.

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See also

Bibliography

  • Angela Pfotenhauer, Florian Monheim, Carola Nathan: Backsteingotik. Monumente-Edition. Monumente-Publikation der Deutschen Stiftung Denkmalschutz, Bonn 2000, ISBN 3-935208-00-6
  • Marianne Mehling (ed.): Knaurs Kulturführer in Farbe Estland, Lettland, Litauen. München 1993. ISBN 3-426-26608-3
  • Marianne Mehling (ed.): Knaurs Kulturführer in Farbe: Finnland. München 1988. ISBN 3-426-26248-7

References

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