List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China

The position of state representative is the highest state office of the People's Republic of China, with a role similar to a head of state and holds the second to eighth highest-ranking position in Chinese history, always under the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. The state representative is often, but not always, also the top leader of China. Under the current constitution, which does not officially define any office as the head of state, the state representative is the president of the People's Republic of China. The role was created in 1954 when the first constitution consolidated the system of government in the People's Republic of China. At the time, the title was translated into English as State Chairman. The position was abolished between 1975 and 1982 with the functions of state representative being performed by the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. The presidency was revived under the fourth constitution in 1982.

Portrait		Name (Lifespan)		Term of office		Vice Chairmen	Paramount leader
–		Mao Zedong 毛泽东 (1893–1976)		1 October 1949	27 September 1954	Zhu De Liu Shaoqi Soong Ching-ling Li Jishen Zhang Lan Gao Gang	Himself
–		Mao Zedong 毛泽东 (1893–1976)		Mao also held more powerful offices as Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, making him the Paramount leader of China.

S. No.	Name (Lifespan) Constituency	Term of office		NPC	Vice Chairmen	Paramount leader
1	Mao Zedong 毛泽东 (1893–1976) Beijing At-large	27 September 1954	27 April 1959	I	Zhu De	Mao Zedong
2	Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 (1898–1969) Beijing At-large	27 April 1959	3 January 1965	II	Soong Ching-ling Dong Biwu
2	Liu Shaoqi 刘少奇 (1898–1969) Beijing At-large	3 January 1965^[1]	31 October 1968^[2]	III	Soong Ching-ling Dong Biwu
acting	Soong Ching-ling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai At-large	31 October 1968	24 February 1972	III	Dong Biwu
acting	Dong Biwu 董必武 (1886–1975) Hubei At-large	24 February 1972	17 January 1975	III	Soong Ching-ling

Portrait	Name (Lifespan) Constituency	Term of office		NPC	Vice Chairmen	Paramount leader
–	Zhu De 朱德 (1886–1976) Sichuan At-large	17 January 1975	6 July 1976	IV	Soong Ching-ling^[3] Dong Biwu^[3] (died 2 April 1975) and others	Mao Zedong
–	Soong Ching-ling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai At-large	6 July 1976	5 March 1978	IV		Mao Zedong Hua Guofeng
–	Soong Ching-ling 宋庆龄 (1893–1981) Shanghai At-large	After Zhu De's death, Soong Ching-ling served as acting Chairwoman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress for the remainder of the 4th National People's Congress's term.^{[citation needed]} She was a member of the Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang.
–	Ye Jianying 叶剑英 (1897–1986) PLA	5 March 1978	18 June 1983	V	Soong Ching-ling and others	Hua Guofeng Deng Xiaoping

Portrait	Name (Lifespan) Constituency	Term of office		NPC — (Election)	Vice President	Paramount leader
3	Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909–1992) Hubei At-large	18 June 1983	8 April 1988	VI — (62.5%)	Ulanhu	Deng Xiaoping
3	Li Xiannian 李先念 (1909–1992) Hubei At-large	During Li's term, China undertook major reforms in foreign policy, beginning to open up to the outside world. Li, who took on an important role in the ousting of the Gang of Four, became the first President of the People's Republic to visit the United States. He was also the first state president to visit North Korea. In 1984, Li met with U.S. President Ronald Reagan during Reagan's visit to China, notably discussing the status of Taiwan with the President. After leaving office as president, Li was then named Chairman of the National Committee of the CPPCC.^[4]
4	Yang Shangkun 杨尚昆 (1907–1998) PLA	8 April 1988	27 March 1993	VII — (66.8%)	Wang Zhen	Deng Xiaoping Jiang Zemin
4	Yang Shangkun 杨尚昆 (1907–1998) PLA	An elder from the party's revolutionary days, Yang was a political survivor of the Cultural Revolution. During his presidency, Yang promoted economic reform but opposed political liberalization. Yang reached the height of his political career after the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests and massacre, but his organized opposition to Jiang Zemin's leadership led Deng to force Yang to retire. Yang served as Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission between 1983 and 1993.
5	Jiang Zemin 江泽民 (1926–2022) Shanghai At-large	27 March 1993	15 March 1998	VIII — (68.4%)	Rong Yiren	Himself
		15 March 1998	15 March 2003	IX — (71.5%)	Hu Jintao	Himself
		Once the mayor and party secretary of Shanghai, Jiang's assumption of the presidency in 1993 marked a return to the centralization of major titles at the national level – Jiang also held the more powerful offices of General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 1989. Under Jiang's leadership, China experienced substantial developmental growth with continued reforms, oversaw the handover of Hong Kong from the United Kingdom and Macau from Portugal, and improved its relations with the outside world while the Communist Party maintained its tight control over the government. Jiang was criticized for being too concerned about his personal image at home, and too conciliatory towards Russia and the United States abroad.^[5]
6	Hu Jintao 胡锦涛 (born 1942) Tibet At-large (until 2008) Jiangsu At-large (from 2008)	15 March 2003	15 March 2008	X — (72.9%)	Zeng Qinghong	Himself
		15 March 2008	14 March 2013	XI — (70.27%)	Xi Jinping	Himself
		Hu, long having been anointed by Deng as Jiang's successor, took over the presidency in 2003, and also held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission. Hu presided over nearly a decade of consistent economic growth and a relatively smooth recovery from the 2008 financial crisis. China emerged as a major world power during Hu's term.^{[citation needed]}
7	Xi Jinping 习近平 (born 1953) Shanghai At-large (until 2018) Inner Mongolia At-large (2018–2023) Jiangsu At-large (from 2023)	14 March 2013	17 March 2018	XII — (72.21%)	Li Yuanchao	Himself
		17 March 2018	10 March 2023	XIII — (71.10%)	Wang Qishan
		10 March 2023	Incumbent	XIV — (70.60%)	Han Zheng
		Xi became president in 2013, and also held the offices of General Secretary of the Communist Party and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2012. Xi increased the profile of the office of president in foreign affairs, for example receiving other heads of state during the 2015 China Victory Day Parade, going on high-profile visits to the United Kingdom and the United States, and making an important address at the Global Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. Under his leadership, Xi strengthened mass surveillance and launched Xinjiang internment camps. Xi presided over anti-corruption campaign. In foreign policy, Xi advocated for "Wolf warrior diplomacy". Term limits for the president were removed in 2018.

List of state representatives of the People's Republic of China

List of state representatives

Central People's Government (1949–1954)

The 1st Constitution (1954–1975)

The 2nd and 3rd Constitutions (1975–1982)

The 4th Constitution (1983–present)

Timeline

See also

References

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