eighth century until 1870, the pope was the sovereign or head of state of the Papal States, and since 1929, of the much smaller Vatican City State. The current
time of her death. The shortest-lived head of state is John I of France who ruled and lived for four days in 1316. Officially, the current Emperor of Japan
length of reign is known. Listof current reigning monarchs by length of reign Listof longest-reigning monarchs Listofshortest-reigning popes Listof the
surrounding sovereignty of nations during presidential visits, only nations that were independent, sovereign, or recognized by the United States during the presidency