![cover image](https://wikiwandv2-19431.kxcdn.com/_next/image?url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg/640px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_1.svg.png&w=640&q=50)
XCL1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Dear Wikiwand AI, let's keep it short by simply answering these key questions:
Can you list the top facts and stats about Lymphotactin?
Summarize this article for a 10 year old
Chemokine (C motif) ligand (XCL1) is a small cytokine belonging to the C chemokine family that is also known as lymphotactin. Chemokines are known for their function in inflammatory and immunological responses. This family C chemokines differs in structure and function from most chemokines.[5][6] There are only two chemokines in this family and what separated them from other chemokines is that they only have two cysteines; one N-terminal cysteine and one cysteine downstream. These both are called Lymphotactin, alpha and beta form, and claim special characteristics only found between the two. Lymphotactins can go through a reversible conformational change which changes its binding shifts.[7]
In normal tissues, XCL1 is found in high levels in spleen, thymus, small intestine and peripheral blood leukocytes, and at lower levels in lung, prostate gland and ovary. Secretion of XCL1 is responsible for the increase of intracellular calcium in peripheral blood lymphocytes.[8] Cellular sources for XCL1 include activated thymic and peripheral blood CD8+ T cells.[9][10][11] NK cells also secrete XCL1 along with other chemokines early in infections.[12] XCR1 expressing dendritic cells (DC) are a major target of XCL1.[12]
In humans, XCL1 is closely related to another chemokine called XCL2, whose gene is found at the same locus on chromosome 1.[11] Both of these chemokines share many genetic and functional similarities; however XCL2 has only been known to be observed in humans and not in mice.[12] XCL1 induces its chemotactic function by binding to a chemokine receptor called XCR1.[13] XCL1 is expressed on macrophages, fibroblasts, and specific lymphocytes.[6]
XCL1 is found in two metamorphic states: a monomer at 10°C, Ltn10, and a dimer at 40°C, Ltn40.[14]