Manchester

City and metropolitan borough in England / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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Manchester (/ˈmæntʃɪstər, -tʃɛs-/ listenⓘ)[4][5] is a city and metropolitan borough of Greater Manchester, England, which had a population of 552,000 at the 2021 census.[6] It is bordered by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east, and the neighbouring city of Salford to the west. The two cities and the surrounding towns form one of the United Kingdom's most populous conurbations, the Greater Manchester Built-up Area, which had a population of 2.87 million in 2021.[7] The city borders the boroughs of Trafford, Stockport, Tameside, Oldham, Rochdale, Bury and Salford.

Quick facts: Manchester, Sovereign state, Country, Region,... ▼
Manchester
City and metropolitan borough
City of Manchester
Manchester_Town_Hall_from_Lloyd_St.jpg
Manchester_Cathedral_%284%29.jpg
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Manchester_Central_Building_Exterior.jpg
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Royal_Exchange_Building.jpg
Coat of arms of Manchester
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
Cottonopolis, Madchester, Mancs, Second City
Motto(s): 
Latin: "Concilio Et Labore" "By wisdom and effort"
Shown within Greater Manchester
Shown within Greater Manchester
Manchester is located in the United Kingdom
Manchester
Manchester
Location within the United Kingdom
Manchester is located in England
Manchester
Manchester
Location within England
Manchester is located in Europe
Manchester
Manchester
Location within Europe
Coordinates: 53°28′46″N 2°14′43″W
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
CountryEngland
RegionNorth West England
City regionManchester
Metropolitan county and city regionGreater Manchester
Historic countiesLancashire (north)
- River Mersey -
Cheshire (south)
Founded1st century
Town charter1301
City status29 March 1853
Administrative HQManchester (Town Hall)
Government
 • TypeMetropolitan borough
 • BodyManchester City Council
 • LeadershipLeader and Cabinet
 • ExecutiveLabour
 • LeaderBev Craig
 • Lord MayorYasmine Dar[1]
 • Chief ExecutiveJoanne Roney
Area
 • City44.6 sq mi (115.6 km2)
 • Urban
243.4 sq mi (630.3 km2)
 • Rank181st
Elevation
125 ft (38 m)
Population
 (2021)
 • City549,853
 • Rank8th
 • Density12,320/sq mi (4,755/km2)
 • Urban
2,705,000 (List of urban areas in Europe)
 • Urban density10,490/sq mi (4,051/km2)
 • Ethnicity[2]
White groups (66.7% )
Asian (14.4%)
Black (8.6%)
Mixed (4.7%)
Chinese (2.7%)
Arab (1.9%)
Other (1.2%)
DemonymsMancunian
Manc (colloq.)
Time zoneUTC+0 (Greenwich Mean Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+1 (British Summer Time)
Postcode areas
M, WA (Ringway)
Dialling code0161
ISO 3166 codeGB-MAN
GSS codeE08000003
NUTS 3 codeUKD33
OS grid referenceSJ838980
MotorwaysM56
M60
A57(M)
A635(M)
Trunk primary routesA5103
Major railway stationsManchester Airport (B)
Manchester Oxford Road (C1)
Manchester Piccadilly (A)
Manchester Victoria (B)
TramwaysMetrolink
International airportManchester (MAN)
GDPUS$ 113.3 billion[3]
– Per capitaUS$ 38,233[3]
MPsGraham Stringer (L)
Lucy Powell (L)
Afzal Khan (L)
Jeff Smith (L)
Mike Kane (L)
Councillors96
PoliceGreater Manchester
Fire and RescueGreater Manchester
AmbulanceNorth West
Websitemanchester.gov.uk
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The history of Manchester began with the civilian settlement associated with the Roman fort (castra) of Mamucium or Mancunium, established in about AD 79 on a sandstone bluff near the confluence of the rivers Medlock and Irwell. Throughout the Middle Ages, Manchester remained a manorial township but began to expand "at an astonishing rate" around the turn of the 19th century. Manchester's unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution[8] and resulted in it becoming the world's first industrialised city.[9] Historically part of Lancashire, areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated into Manchester in the 20th century, including Wythenshawe in 1931. Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and linking the city to the Irish Sea, 36 miles (58 km) to the west. Its fortune declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation, and the IRA bombing in 1996 led to extensive investment and regeneration.[10] Following considerable redevelopment, Manchester was the host city for the 2002 Commonwealth Games.

The city is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station is the world's oldest surviving inter-city passenger railway station.[11] At the University of Manchester, Ernest Rutherford first split the atom in 1917; Frederic C. Williams, Tom Kilburn and Geoff Tootill developed the world's first stored-program computer in 1948; and Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov first isolated graphene in 2004.

Manchester has a large urban sprawl, which forms from the city centre into the other neighbouring authorities; these include The Four Heatons, Failsworth, Prestwich, Stretford, Sale, Droylsden, Old Trafford and Reddish. The city is also contiguous with Salford and its borough, but is separated from it by the River Irwell. This urban area is cut off by the M60, also known as the Manchester Outer Ring Road, which runs in a circular around the city and these areas. It joins the M62 to the north-east and the M602 to the west, as well as the East Lancashire Road and A6.

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