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Mars Orbiter Mission
Indian space probe, launched in 2013 / From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), unofficially known as Mangalyaan,[11] (from Sanskrit: Mangala, "Mars" and yāna, "craft, vehicle")[12][13] was a space probe orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014. It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).[14][15][16][17] It was India's first interplanetary mission[18] and it made ISRO the fourth space agency to achieve Mars orbit, after Roscosmos, NASA, and the European Space Agency.[19] It made India the first Asian nation to reach the Martian orbit and the first nation in the world to do so on its maiden attempt.[20][21][22][23]
Mars Orbiter Mission spacecraft around Mars (illustration) | |||||||||||||
| Names | Mars Orbiter Mission, MOM, Mangalyaan | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mission type | Mars orbiter | ||||||||||||
| Operator | ISRO | ||||||||||||
| COSPAR ID | 2013-060A  | ||||||||||||
| SATCAT no. | 39370 | ||||||||||||
| Website | www | ||||||||||||
| Mission duration | Planned: 6 months[1] Final: 7 years, 6 months, 8 days | ||||||||||||
| Spacecraft properties | |||||||||||||
| Bus | I-1K[2] | ||||||||||||
| Manufacturer | U R Rao Satellite Centre | ||||||||||||
| Launch mass | 1,337.2 kg (2,948 lb)[3] | ||||||||||||
| BOL mass | ≈550 kg (1,210 lb)[4] | ||||||||||||
| Dry mass | 482.5 kg (1,064 lb)[3] | ||||||||||||
| Payload mass | 13.4 kg (30 lb)[3] | ||||||||||||
| Dimensions | 1.5 m (4.9 ft) cube | ||||||||||||
| Power | 840 watts[2] | ||||||||||||
| Start of mission | |||||||||||||
| Launch date | 5 November 2013, 09:08 (2013-11-05UTC09:08) UTC[5][6] | ||||||||||||
| Rocket | PSLV-XL C25[7] | ||||||||||||
| Launch site | Satish Dhawan Space Centre, FLP | ||||||||||||
| Contractor | ISRO | ||||||||||||
| End of mission | |||||||||||||
| Last contact | April 2022[8] | ||||||||||||
| Mars orbiter | |||||||||||||
| Orbital insertion | 24 September 2014, 02:10 UTC (7:40 IST)[9][10] MSD 50027 06:27 AMT 3291 days / 3203 sols | ||||||||||||
| Orbital parameters | |||||||||||||
| Periareon altitude | 421.7 km (262.0 mi)[9] | ||||||||||||
| Apoareon altitude | 76,993.6 km (47,841.6 mi)[9] | ||||||||||||
| Inclination | 150.0°[9] | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
 Insignia depicting journey from Earth to an elliptical Martian orbit using Mars symbol | |||||||||||||
The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off from the First Launch Pad at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (Sriharikota Range SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket C25 at 09:08 UTC on 5 November 2013.[5][24] The launch window was approximately 20 days long and started on 28 October 2013.[6] The MOM probe spent about a month in Earth orbit, where it made a series of seven apogee-raising orbital manoeuvres before trans-Mars injection on 30 November 2013 (UTC).[25] After a 298-day transit to Mars, it was put into Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
The mission was a "technology demonstrator" project to develop the technologies for designing, planning, management, and operations of an interplanetary mission.[26] It carried five scientific instruments.[27] The spacecraft was monitored from the Spacecraft Control Centre at ISRO Telemetry, Tracking and Command Network (ISTRAC) in Bengaluru with support from the Indian Deep Space Network (IDSN) antennae at Bengaluru, Karnataka.[28]
On 2 October 2022, it was reported that the orbiter had irrecoverably lost communications with Earth after entering a seven-hour eclipse period in April 2022 that it was not designed to survive.[29][30][31] The following day, ISRO released a statement that all attempts to revive MOM had failed and officially declared it dead, citing the loss of fuel and battery power to the probe's instruments.[32]