yet mapped into the process's virtual memory space. In some circumstances, memorymapped file I/O can be substantially slower than standard file I/O. Another
physical addresses, the IOMMU maps device-visible virtual addresses (also called device addresses or memorymappedI/O addresses in this context) to physical
CPU/memory combo, for example by reading data from a disk drive, is considered I/O. The CPU and its supporting circuitry may provide memory-mappedI/O that