extremely slow compared to the processing of data. An I/Odevice can incorporate mechanical devices that must physically move, such as a hard drive seeking
more flexible. Port-mappedI/O also requires the use of special I/O instructions. Typically one or more ports are assigned to the device, each with a special
physical addresses, the IOMMU mapsdevice-visible virtual addresses (also called device addresses or memorymappedI/O addresses in this context) to physical